Gao Yanjie, The Anti Chinese Movement (1959-1961) in Indonesia and the Fluctuations of the Sino Indonesian Relations

　　The anti Chinese movement in Indonesia between 1959 and 1961 was a significant affair in the history of the Sino Indonesian relations. This affair not only influenced the political destiny of more than three million overseas Chinese, but also triggered first overseas evacuation operation in the history of the People's Republic of China. During this period, China and Indonesia were both undergoing drastic changes of domestic political environment and international situation respectively. Accordingly, this resulted in the sensitivity of the overseas Chinese affair which was amplified excessively. Furthermore, the response of the Chinese government was recognised by the Indonesian government as a kind of interference in its internal affairs. However, there was no strategic conflict of interests between China and Indonesia after all, and the diplomatic offensive of both countries were merely aiming at censuring each other. Besides, the two countries attacked each other in public while repeatedly stressed the importance of mutual friendship during the direct talks. The special phenomenon of ‘fighting without breaking’ lasted until Sukarno's visit to China in June 1961, which means the Sino Indonesian relations have returned to the track of friendship.