滕琳：战后英国对联邦德国和解政策研究（1945-1955）

摘要

 本文主要考察1945到1955年间英国对德和解政策的制定、实施和完善过程，探讨英国对德和解政策的国际、国内背景，包括英、法、美、苏在德国问题上的复杂关系。

　　和解作为一个和平学中的概念有广泛深刻的内涵。战后英国对德政策，既是对这一概念的巧妙利用，又对它进行了丰富和补充，让它在国际政治中更具现实性和可行性。

　　任何和解的达成都不是一帆风顺的，英国对德和解也是如此。本文从英国的现实战略利益入手，分别从国际体系、国内政治、精英阶层等几个层面出发，力求分析英国战后对德和解政策背后隐藏的深层次原因。

　　从1945年5月到1955年5月，英国对德和解政策整整走过了十个年头。根据英国对德和解政策演化的侧重点，本文将其分成了三个阶段：第一个阶段（1945.5-1947.1）是以经济和解为特征；第二阶段（1947.1-1949.5）经济和解与政治和解并重；第三个阶段（1949.5-1955.5）则是政治与军事的全面和解。

　　纵观战后十年，英国对德和解政策具备高度的稳定性和延续性。英国既小心翼翼地避过美国的风头，又因势利导，促使联邦德国以符合英国利益的方式融入欧洲。

　　关键字：和解；对德政策；英国外交；和平学

Abstract

 This dissertation is a study of how British government made，implemented and improved its policy towards Germany between 1945 and 1955. It mainly probes into the international and domestic background of British reconciliatory policy on Germany, as well as the complex relationships among Britain, France, America and Soviet Union on Germany-related policies.

　　As the important concept of Peace Studies, reconciliation has abundant and profound connotations. The reconciliation between British and Germany in the postwar years is not only promoted it, but also made it more feasible in the international politics.

　　The process of reconciliation takes time and is not easy, the same is true of the reconciliation between British and Germany. It is a slow, gradual process. This dissertation discusses the essential causes of British reconciliatory policies on German from the angles both of international system and the domestic politics, political elite and so on.

　　From 1945 to 1955, the British-German reconciliation policy went through ten years. According to the different focuses, this dissertation divides the process of policy into three phases: The first（1945.5-1947.1）is characterized by the economic reconstruction; the second（1947.1-1949.5）is on the basis of political reconciliation and economic reconstruction; the third（1949.5-1955.5）is a comprehensive settlement of the political and military issues.

　　Throughout the ten years after the war, British reconciliatory policies on Germany kept its stability and continuity. The British policy fully utilized the American's opportunity as well as avoided its negative impacts, and finally brought the Federal Republic of Germany into Europe by meeting its own interests.

　　KEY WORDS：Reconciliation; policy toward Germany; British foreign policy; Peace Studies