Li AnShan: AFRICAN STUDIES IN CHINA IN GLOBAL CONTEXT(1950-2020)

　　China-Africa relations began in ancient times. A “Silk Road” already existed in the Han Dynasty (202 B.C.-220 A.D.). In 1993, Austrian archeologists discovered the fiber of wormsilk in the hair of a female corpse of the 21st Dynasty (1070-945.B.C.) in Egypt. Since only China had the technology for silk production at the time, the product was most probably made in China and transferred to Egypt.2 According to Sun, there is a North Way and a South Way to connect China and the “West”.3 The “North Way”, from Chang’an to Sogdiana, through the border between Sabbath and Rome, by water to Syria, Damascus, and Gaza, finally reached Alexandria in Egypt. This is the main trade route from China to Egypt. The “South Way”, from Loulan to Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan, and then southward to the upper reaches of the Sindhu River, then to the port of Karachi, and finally reached the Western and Indian Ocean countries. There are other connections between China and Africa as well (Xu, Y. 2019; Li, A. 2019).

　　Besides the land route, there is a Maritime Silk Road. Historically, various ports along the East African coast by the West Indian Ocean were important destinations for maritime traffic between China and Africa, or a middle station for the Chinese travel boats to continue further to Europe. According to historical records, the names of Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, Madagascar, and other countries all appeared in various travel notes and in the official history of ancient China. China’s maritime contact with Africa, especially East Africa, took place long before Da Gama’s voyage around the Cape of Good Hope to East Africa. Cities in Africa did act as ports, supply depots, settlements, and protection areas in China’s maritime endeavors in ancient times.

　　At the present, the BRI (Belt and Road Initiative) tries to link the world with capital, trade, and personnel. Africa can play an even more important role. It is found that the BRI is constantly making African countries gradually involved. At first, the proposed 65 countries in the BRI included Egypt as the only African country. Later, a Chinese official mentioned African countries as the “natural extension” of One Belt One Road (OBOR). During his visit to Madagascar, Foreign Minister Wang Yi proposed that “both countries seize the two major opportunities for international cooperation respectively brought about by the implementation of the outcome of the 2015 Forum on China-Africa Cooperation in Johannesburg and the promotion of international cooperation under Belt and Road Initiative”.4 This invitation was confirmed when President Xi Jinping met Madagascar’s President Hery Rajaonarimampianina and both countries signed the “Maritime Road Memorandum of Understanding”.5 Until now, 37 African countries have signed the MOU or other BRI agreements with China in the past two years.6

　　Yet what is the role that Africa can play in the BRI? In general, ports on the East coast of Africa are a key part of the Maritime Silk Road. African islands in the West Indian Ocean constitute an expressive fulcrum of maritime traffic. Maritime safety in the Gulf of Aden is an important guarantee for the international sea route, and Africa is becoming an important investment and trade partner of Asian countries. Africa is an important hub and transshipment point for maritime exchanges between Asia and Europe. The BRI is supposed to bring mutual benefits to both China and its partners. China has gained a great deal from Africa, such as political support and economic benefits, which go both ways. There are examples of bilateral cooperation in Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, etc., such as the Chinese Light Rail in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, the first batch of Kenyan female drivers in Mombasa-Nairobi Railway, the Chinese-built Dar es Salaam University Library, among others. All symbolize the concrete results of cooperation related to the BRI in Africa. In addition, there is a great deal of similarity between Chinese and African civilizations and many aspects that both can learn from each other (Li, A. 2014). That is why mutual understanding/learning is very important for both sides. Thus, African studies become a vital factor in promoting bilateral relations and facilitating the implementation of the BRI.

African Studies in China: Four Generations

　　China’s African studies have gone through the efforts of four generations. My two articles have explored China’s African studies in the 20th and 21st century (Li, A. 2005; 2016a). Here is a brief survey of the achievements of the four generations.7

　　China’s African studies began with a focus on Egypt. Duanfang (1861-1911), an epigraphist in the late Qing Dynasty, collected Egyptian antiquities. Huang Junsheng and Li Dongfang studied Egyptian characters in the early 20th century (刘文鹏 2002). Xia Nai, the “father of Chinese Egyptology”, mastered hieroglyphs and participated in the archaeological excavation in Egypt while studying in London (颜海英 2008). At the beginning of the 20th Century, Chinese scholars began to study the early Sino-African exchanges. The understanding and systematic study of Africa itself began with the establishment of new China. The first generation (1950s-1970s) includes Zhang Tiesheng, Yang Renpian, Na Zhong, and Zhang Tongzhu. Zhang Tiesheng (1904-1979) was the first leader of the Institute of West Asian and African Studies (hereafter IWAAS) of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (hereafter CASS), formerly under the Section of Philosophy and Social Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and he published a book on China-Africa relations (        1973). Yang Renpian (1903-1973), of Peking University, graduated from Oxford University majoring in French history, changed his field to African history in 1958 and cultivated younger scholars (俞莉琪 2014). His work was later collated and published by his students (杨人楩 1984). Na Zhong (1909-2008), of Beijing Foreign Studies University, graduated from Azhar University in Egypt in 1940. He studied the Egyptian and Arabic history all his life (纳忠 1963; 1998). He was president of the Chinese Society of African Historical Studies(张惠文 1983;杨孝柏、马为公 1986; 1987;朱威烈 2004).8 Zhang Tongzhu (1915-2008), of Nanjing University, established the African Geography Research Office in 1965 and coordinated the national project “Strategic Study on African Economic and Social Development” and the research on African economic development (张同铸         1992).9 Although Professor Zhou Yiliang didn’t specialize in African history, he discussed the history of China-Africa relations early on in a Ghanaian journal (Chou 1972).

　　The second generation was from the 1980s to the end of the 20th century. Since the reform and opening up, scholars have gained unprecedented opportunities. This generation includes university professors and researchers from different institutions. In the CASS for example, scholars of the IWAAS such as Ge Ji, Zhao Guozhong, Tu Erkang, Chen Gongyuan, Wu Bingzhen, Yang Lihua, Xu Jiming, Gao Jinyuan, Wu Qiyang, Tang Dadun, and others., Yang Haocheng and Peng Kunyuan of the Institute of World History, Ge Gongshang of the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Xia Jisheng, Zheng Jiaxin, Lu Ting’en, He Fangchuan, and Ning Sao of Peking University, Zhang Wenchun ofBeijing Normal University, Zeng Zungu, Su Shirong, and Jiang Zhongjin of Nanjing University, AI Zhouchang of East China Normal University, Gu Zhangyi of Minzu University of China, Li Guangyi of Xiangtan University, Zhao Shuhui of Renmin University, Shen Fuwei of Suzhou University, Xu Yongzhang of Zhengzhou University, Zhang Xiang of Nankai University. Liu Wenpeng of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities has trained a number of scholars for Chinese Egyptology (王海利 2008;郭子林 2008;李长林 2009;田明、王泰 2010). Gao Jinyuan, He Fangchuan, Ge Ji, Yang Lihua, and other scholars published articles in English (Gao 1984; He, F. 1987; Ge 1997； Yang, L. 2006; 2015). The achievements of this generation include three aspects: Institutional Construction, organizational work, and academic achievements. Institutional Construction: the Chinese Association of African Studies was established in i979, and the Chinese Society of African Historical Studies in 1980. Organizational work: they organized various meetings of African scholars from different institutions and universities, and coordinated debates and research on various issues. Academic achievements: they published research works, especially the publication of the “African Studies” series and other reference books,10 as well as the translation of various African books and the UNESCO General History of Africa (1-8 volumes). Some of them continue to work in the 21st century.

　　The establishment of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) ushered in a new era of African studies in China. The cooperation between China and Africa needs the support of academia, which must also meet the requirements of the government, the business community, and the public. The third generation of scholars has received formal training and academic background. They have more opportunities to visit Africa than their predecessors, either receive education or training abroad, and gradually engage with international academia. The national emphasis on academic research has provided various funds and favorable conditions, thus promoting the academic community to pay attention to research topics related to Africa. Shu Yunguo, Yang Guang, Zhang Hongming, Li Xinfeng, Liu Qinjian, Liu Hongwu, Yan Haiying, Jin Shoufu, Mu Tao, Zhang Zhongxiang, and Zhu Zhenwu, among others, have successively undertaken or participated in major national research projects on African history, China’s African strategy, EUJs aid to Africa, history of China-Africa relations, China-Africa cooperation, and African literature. They are deepening their research on Africa. Take the project “African Economic History” as an example. On the one hand, it is recognized that China’s research level on African economic history is not high compared with that of foreign countries, “so it is difficult for China’s version of African economic history to catch up with the world’s cutting-edge level in the overall research level”； on the other hand, “China’s version of African economic history still has its own characteristics, such as making full use of Chinese ancient books and materials, comprehensively and in-depth elaboration of China-Africa economic and trade relations and unique historical stages of African Economic History” (舒运国 2019, 126-133; 2019a, 133-147). African languages are taught in many universities. The publication of various works and translations has opened up readers’ horizons, and the construction of African country studies and think-tanks are a good attempt. African research institutions have various publications, thus contributing to the popularization and deepening of African research. They have strengthened closer ties with relevant national ministries and commissions, The new era brings new requirements. A group of young African researchers constitutes the fourth generation. These scholars have received strict academic training, have good foreign language communication skills with field work experience. At the same time, they are closely connected with the international academic network and highly sensitive to new research trends. Wang Haili (2010; 2013; 2014) of Beijing Normal University and Guo Dantong (2005; 2011; 2015) ofShanghai University have studied the history of ancient Egypt for a long time and published many monographs, in addition to promoting exchanges with the international academic community. Young scholars of the CASS1 IWAAS have achieved fruitful results in the past three years, such as Zhu Weidong, specialized in African Law (2018), Yang Baorong, committed to African economy and China-Africa relations (2018), Wang Jinyan, exploring the tribal issues in Libya (2016), Xu Guoqing, evaluating India’s African Policy (2017), Zhi Yuchen, studying the role of China’s cental enterprises in China-Africa relations and the basic elements in African economic development (2016 and 2018), Zhao Yating, focusing on the EU’s assistance to Africa (2019), and others who have their own research focus.

　　Young scholars either study a particular country or a certain topic, such as Liu Weicai, interested in the history of Southern Africa, African integration and China-Africa relations, with a few publications (2018), Guan Peifeng’s analysis of African border disputes and settlement model (2017), Niu Changshong’s study on Zimbabwe’s Higher Education (2017), Shen Xipeng’s probe on China’s assistance in the construction of Tanzania Zambia Railway (2018), Zhou Yuyuan’s assessment of African autonomy (2017), Song Wei’s analysis of the U.S. policy towards Sub-Saharan Africa after the Cold War (2018), Cheng Cheng’s focus on China-Africa Financial Cooperation (2018), Li Pengtao’s analysis of issues related to colonialism and social change in British Africa (2019), and Wang Congyue’s interpretation of the security policies of US and EU in North Africa (2019). The youngsters are either proficient in academic research or extensive in scope. Some are concerned about one certain country, such as Li Wengang (Nigeria), Jiang Hengkun (the Sudan), Xiao Yuhua (Ethiopia), Shen Xiaolei (Zimbabwe), etc. Some are interested in specific theme, such as Li Weijian’s research on Islam in Africa, Zhang Yonghong’s emphasis on local knowledge, He Jian‘s study on African ocean issues, Jiang Huajie’s focus on China’s assistance to Africa, Liang Yijian’s probe on Peer Review System, Wang Tao’s interest on antiterrorism, and Zhang Jin’s exploration on the water environment in Africa. Zhang Yong is the first scholar to study African film and, with African scholar Dr. Hodan, has made a film that has become well-known in China and Africa. In recent years, the young scholars have obtained funding for research projects either from the National Fund or the Ministry of Education. In 2019, for example, Zhou Yuyuan, Huang Yupei, Jiang Hui, Li Beilei, Zheng Xiaoxia and others won National Social Science Fund support for projects on African countries’ relations, debt issues, African literature, Afro-American literature, African women’s studies, etc.

　　In recent years, young scholars who studied abroad have come back and have demonstrated their full strength. For example, Ha Wei, a PhD in public policy from Harvard University, returned to work at the Graduate School of Education in Peking University after working in the World Bank and in United Nations agencies. Tang Xiaoyang once worked in foreign research institutions and universities after receiving his PhD from the New School for Social Research in New York and now works in the Department of International Relations at Tsinghua University. After graduating from Georgetown University, Wen Shuang, who once taught at New York University (Abu Dhabi), now teaches history at Beijing Foreign Studies University. Qiu Yu received her PhD from the University of Cambridge and currently teaches in the School of Ethnology and Sociology of Minzu University of China. Yuan Ding of Shanghai Normal University received two PhDs from Yunnan University and Leuven University at the same time. Lu Lingyu of Yunnan University received his PhD in Political Science from the University of Missouri. After graduating from Westminster University, Dr. Xiang Yu teaches in the School of Journalism and Communication of Shanghai University. Dr. Zhou Yang, of Nanjing Agricultural University, graduated from the University of Cologne, Germany. Chen Liang, of the School of Sociology and Anthropology of Sun Yatsen University, received his PhD from the Australian National University, specializing in urbanization and African studies. Yang Beibei, of the School ofHealth Care Management of Shandong University, obtained her PhD of medical anthropology from Southern Methodist University. Tsinghua University’s Development Program has sent out many students abroad and Dr. Gao Liangmin from the Department of Sociology is among the first to complete the degree. Liu Shaonan of the School of History, Beijing Normal University, received his PhD from Michigan State University, the best in African studies in the United States. Lian Chaoqun and Cheng Ying both obtained MA degrees from Peking University, completed their doctoral studies at University of Cambridge and University of London respectively. With his PhD in law from Peking University, Xu Liang obtained his PhD in history from Harvard University. Currently, the three have become the backbone of the Center for African Studies of Peking University.

　　Some scholars hold graduate degrees directly in Africa. For example, Dr. Sun Xiaomeng, of Beijing Foreign Studies University, received her MA in Hausa language in Nigeria. Zhang Qiaowen, of China Africa International Business School of Zhejiang Normal University, received her PhD in business management from Stellenbosch University in South Africa. Dr. Ma Xiujie of the School of Asian and African Studies, Beijing Foreign Studies University, studied at Rhodes University for seven years. She is proficient in English, Xhosa and Zulu, and can communicate with Ndebele and Swazi. Ma Jie, of the China Institute of International Studies, received her MA degree from Addis Ababa University. In addition, many students are currently studying for degrees abroad. What,s more, Chinese scholars are increasingly confident in international academia.

Chinese Scholars’ Engagement in International Community

　　There is no doubt that China’s African study is not as advanced as expected, yet the situation is changing. Chinese scholars have actively participated in academic exchanges around the world and gradually gained recognition from international academia. In addition to the participation of many Chinese scholars in international seminars and cooperation projects, and African research institutions in China frequently organizing academic seminars with international academic circles, especially African scholars, their engagement is reflected in three aspects: showing their own characteristics in some research fields, getting more attention in the international community, and increasing international publications.

　　Chinese scholars began to show their own characteristics, which made them outstanding in some international research fields. Justin Yifu Lin and Celestin Monga, a Cameroonian scholar, edited The Oxford Handbook of Africa and Economics (Monga and Lin, J. Y. 2015). Works on China-Africa cooperation were jointly edited by Chinese and international, especially African, scholars (Li, A. and F.Y. April 2013; Shelton, April, and Li, A. 2015; Berhe and Liu 2013; Monga and Lin, J.Y. 2015; Alden et al. 2018). Some scholars have been invited to write relevant chapters in different encyclopedia or handbooks of various disciplines published by internationally renowned publishers, such as Ge Ji, Li Anshan, Xu Liang, Zhang Chun, Sun Xiaomeng, Tang Xiaoyang, and Cheng Ying who have put forward their viewpoints on different subjects such as China’s African studies, China’s African policy and Chinese immigration in Africa, contemporary China-Africa relations, reconceptualizing China-Africa engagement, China’s African language research, Africa’s China economic and trade cooperation zone, Africa-China drama exchange (Ge 1997; Li, A. 2013c; Akyeampong and Xu 2015; Zhang, C. 2017; Sun, X. 2019; Tang, X. 2019; Cheng 2019). Some have become editorial board members or peer reviewers of international journals. Governmental organizations from developed nations such as the U.S., Britain, France, Germany, and Japan have held seminars on China-Africa relations and invited Chinese scholars, or are frequently sending personnel to visit China’s African research institutions. The Foreign Ministry of other governments also invited Chinese scholars to explain the current situation of China-Africa cooperation.11 All indicates the influence and competitiveness of Chinese scholars in the world.

　　The international community is increasing its attention to scholars of African studies in China. Professor Na Zhong, Honorary President of the Chinese Society of African Historical Studies, was awarded the first International Prize of the Arabic Language Sharjah by UNESCO in Paris on October 25, 2001. In 2002, Yan Haiying was invited to attend the research database project of ancient Greek Olympic Games hosted by Willy Clarisse, academician of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Belgium and professor of Department of Classics of the KU Leuven. In 1998, Jin Shoufu, a PhD student in Egyptology of Heidelberg University, participated in the excavation of the Tomb of Thebes Amenhotep III by the archaeology team of Waseda University from Japan. In 2000, he also participated in the excavation of the official Tomb of Luxor in Egypt by Heidelberg University. On May 24, 2013, Yang Lihua and Li Anshan, at the invitation of the African Diplomatic Corps in China, gave keynote speeches at the seminar “Pan-Africanism and African Renaissance” held at Kempinski Hotel to celebrate the Golden Jubilee of the OAU/AU on September 9, 2013.12 Zhu Weidong was appointed to the International Commercial Panel by the Arbitration Foundation of Southern Africa (AFSA).13 On September 19, 2013, Li Anshan was invited to participate in the “symposium to celebrate the 15th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and South Africa” and delivered a speech at the launch of the new book edited by himself and by South African scholar F.Y. April in the building of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of South Africa (Li, A. and April 2013).14 On November 3, 2013, Li Anshan was invited by the Director General ofUNESCO, Irina Bokova, to participate in the International Scientific Committee of UNESCO General History of Africa (volume 9, later expanded to 9-11 volumes), and was elected Vice Chairman of the Committee at the first meeting held in Brazil.15 The McMillan Center of Yale University invited Li Anshan and Ibrahim Gambari, former Foreign Minister of Nigeria and former Under Secretary General of the United Nations, to cochair the international seminar on “Africa-China Relations: Balance, Growth and Sustainable Future” held in Nigeria from March 15-18, 2016, and the seminar held at Beijing Forum of Peking University in November 2017.16 In 2018, Liu Haifang was appointed member of the Executive Board of the CA/AC Research Network. It is encouraging that some young scholars’ capability has been recognized by international academia. For example, Cheng Ying’s doctoral thesis won the Best Doctoral Thesis Award of the Lagos Studies Association, the first among Chinese scholars. Dr. Liu Shaonan was the first Asian scholar to receive the Graduate Student Paper Prize Winner at the 2018 annual meeting of the U.S. African Studies Association.17 Dr. Zhou Yang’s thesis on cross-cultural marriage between China and Africa was awarded the “sehr gut: 1.0 (excellent)”level.

　　The international publication of Chinese scholars is also increasing. In the 1990s, Chinese scholars published few articles in international academia. In 1995, Yan Haiying, of Peking University, presented a paper at the 7th International Egyptologist Conference held in Cambridge, which attracted the attention of the international academic community (Yan, H. 1998). After graduating from the University of Toronto and working at Peking University in 1994, Li Anshan put forward his own views on Ghana’s history (Li, A. 1994; 1995). Since the end of the 20th century, the research on Africa or China-Africa relations has been strengthened, and scholars have published more and more in international academia, presenting their opinions in the form of monographs, anthologies or papers. For example, Jin Shoufu, of Fudan University, studies ancient Egyptian papyrus documents and theocracy (2000; 2001a; 2001b; 2003a; 2003b 2003c; 2004; 2005). Li Anshan,s monographs probe the colonial rule and rural protest in Ghana and the history of China in Africa (Li, A. 2002a; 2012a). Yan Haiying states her own view on Ptolemy’s Stele (Yan, H. 2007). They have also introduced the research status of China to international circles, such as Yan Haiying’s research on ancient Egyptian cultural relics collected in China (Yan, H. 2006a; 2006b), Wang Haili’s analysis on Chinese research methods ofEgyptian hieroglyphs with the introduction of Professor Liu Wenpeng (Wang, H. 2013; 2015), Wen Shuang’s introduction to Chinese Arabic research (Wen, S. 2015), Li Anshan’s review of African studies in China in different periods (2005; 2007c; 2008a; 2010b; 2019; 2019a).

　　International academia pays more attention to Chinese works, and this is greatly increasing. Their papers mainly focus on China-Africa relations. K.K. Prah, a Ghanaian scholar now working in South Africa, the Kenyan scholar J. Shikwati, the German Boer foundation, and African NGO Faham made special collections for seminars on China Africa Cooperation (Prah 2007; Shikwati 2012; Harneit-Sievers et al. 2010), that reflect the understanding of China-Africa cooperation between the two sides. Three collections of papers jointly compiled by Chinese scholars alongside South African and Ethiopian scholars express the representative opinions of both sides on China-Africa cooperation. These anthologies include the papers of Zeng Qiang, Yang Lihua, An Chunying, He Wenping, Hong Yonghong, Li Baoping, Li Zhibiao, Zhang Yongpeng, Liu Hongwu, Shi Lin, Zhang Chun, Liang Yijian, Tang Xiaoyang, Xiao Yuhua, Zhi Yingbiao, Luo Jianbo, Li Xinfeng, Wang Nan, Pang Zhongying, Wang Xuejun, Li Anshan, Xiao Hongyu, Xu Liang, Zeng Aiping, Zhang Weijie, etc., which show the Chinese understanding of Sino-African partnership. In general, Chinese scholars either discuss China’s African policy and its role and influence (Zeng, Q. 2002; 2010; Li, B. 2007; 2008; Li, A. 2007a; 2008c; Zhang, Y. 2007; He, W. 2008d; 2009a; 2010b; Pan 2011a; 2014; Luo, J. and Zhang, X. 2015; Liu, H. 2017; 2018; Li, X., Li, Y., and Zhang, M. 2019), or macro analysis of BRICs Cooperation (Li, A. 2013a; Li, H. 2017), international cooperation or aid (He, W. 2010c; Zhang, X. 2011; Liu, H. 2015a), industry and mining (An 2002; Wang, X. 2013; Tang, X. 2014a; 2014b; 2019; Xu, L.; 2019; Zhao, S. et al. 2019), economic technology (Zeng, Q. 2002; He, W. 2006; 2012a; Tang, X. 2011; 2014c; Liu, H. and Monson 2011; Zhang, J. 2015; Li, A. 2016b), medical and health (Li, A. 2011a; 2011b; 2011c; 2013d; Lin, S. et al. 2016), culture and education (Liu, H. 2008; 2010; Li, B. and Luo, J. 2013; Li, A. 20iid; 2012b; 2018a; Li, X., Wang, N. and F. Y. April 2013; Li, X., Li,Y. and Zhang, M. 2019; Xiang, Y. 2018a; 2018b; Pan 2019; Qiu 2019), law and governance (Hong 2007; 2010; Zhu, W. 2008; 2009; 2012; 2013; 2014; 2017; Xia, X. and Xiao, Y. 2011; Zeng,A. 2015), Two-way migration (Zhang, L. 2008; Li, Z. et al. 2009; 2012; Li, A. 2009a; 2010a; 2012a; 2015b; 2016a; 2016b; 2017a; 2017b; 2018a; 2018b; Yang, Y. 2011; Niu, D. 2018).

　　Young scholars who come back to China from abroad have published many articles internationally. Wen Shuang focuses on the history of China-Egypt relations and Asia-Africa exchanges (Wen, S. 2014; 2015; 2016; 2016a; 2019). Zhang Qiaowen has noted the role of the China-Africa Devel- opment Fund (Zhang, Q. 2015a; 2015b). Cheng Ying specializes in Nigerian drama and the exchange of Chinese and African Drama (Cheng 2014; 2016a; 2016b; 2018a; 2018b; 2019). Xu Liang studies the economic development of South Africa and the role of Chinese (Xu, L. 2015; 2015a; 2017; 2019). Tang Xiaoyang’s articles on China-Africa relations are noticed among scholars (Tang, X. 2016; 2016a; 2018; 2019; 2019a; Monson, Tang, X. and Liu, S. 2017; Brautigam, Weis and Tang 2018). Lian Chaoqun produces articles on Arab politics and culture in English and Arabic (Lian 2016a; 2016b; 2016c; 2018). Qiu Yu discusses social aspects of China-Africa contact, especially corporate ethics (Qiu 2018). Yuan Ding created an English proper noun “Guoke”(过客）on the basis of his own study (Pang, C. and Yuan, D. 2013; Yuan, D. and Pang, D. 2018)18 and of others’ previous research, especially Niu Dong’s study on Africans in Guangzhou which took the Chinese concept“过客”(Niu 2015; 2015a; 2016) which translates to “transient“ in his English article (Niu 2018). Liu Shaonan examined the contribution of overseas Chinese to Nigerian local society (Liu, S. 2019). The Journal of Ancient Civilizations, a journal in English issued by the Institute for the History of Ancient Civilizations in Northeast Normal University, published relevant articles (Guo 1995; 1998; 1999; 2002; 2003; 2004). World History Studies, an English journal of the Institute of World History, CASS, also published articles on Africa (Guo 2015; 2017; Li, A. 2015c; 2017c; Wang, H. 2017; Song, H. and Guo, D. 2018; Guo, X. and Guo, D. 2019). Other English journals in China such as Contemporary International Relations by China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations, China International Studies by China Institute of International Studies, Global Review by Shanghai Institutes of International Studies and China International Strategy Review by Institute of International and Strategic Studies Peking University, publish related articles occasionally (Liu, H. 2012; He, W. 2012b; Liu, Q. and Zhao, Y. 2016; Zeng A. and Shu,Z. 2018; Li, A. 2018c). Journal of China-Africa Studies (in Chinese, English, and French), newly published by China-Africa Institute, will provide a new platform for the international exchange of China’s African studies.

African Research Institutions in China

　　There are three pioneers institutions in African research: the West Asia Africa Research Group, of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, set up in 1956 and the Institute of West Asia and African Studies established in 1961; the African History Research Office, of Peking University, set up in 1958 and the Institute of Afro-Asian Studies established in 1965; the African Geography Research Office, of Nanjing University, set up in 1964 and the Institute of African Studies established in 1992. After the reform and opening up, many universities have established teaching and research institutions related to Africa, including Xiangtan University (1978), East China Normal University (1985), Shanghai Normal University (1998), Yunnan University (1998), among others. With the establishment of FOCAC and the rapid development of China-Africa relations, African research institutions have sprung up, such as the Center for African Studies of Peking University (2000), the Center for African Education Studies of Zhejiang Normal University (2003), renamed as the Institute of African Studies in 2007, the Center for African Vocational Education Studies of Tianjin University of Technology and Education (2005), renamed as Center of African Union Studies in 2012, the Center for African Agricultural Studies of Nanjing Agricultural University (2006), the Center for African Studies of Yunnan University (2007), the Center for African Studies of East China Normal University (2010), renamed as Institute of African Studies in 2011, etc. African language teaching started early in China, mainly focusing on Swahili and Hausa. Beijing Foreign Studies University, Tianjin Foreign Studies University, Communication University of China, Peking University, Shanghai International Studies University, and others now begin to attach importance to African languages. Some students are sent to Africa to learn Swahili, Amharic, Hausa, Yoruba, Zulu, Xhosa, and other African languages. In addition to government ministries and subordinate institutions (such as the Development Research Center of the State Council and the Party School of the Central Committee of CP), more than 30 African research institutions have been established, with journals, weekly reports, annual reports, websites, and various publications.

　　Among the African research institutions, the IWAAS of the CASS has an irreplaceable position. In addition to its outstanding institutions, personnel, conditions, and project funding, it has published the Annual Report on Development in the Middle East and Africa or the Yellow Book of Middle East and Africa since 1998, covering the current situation and characteristics of African affairs every year. In 2012, the Yellow Book of Africa and the Annual Report on Development of Africa were separated into publications of their own, thus becoming important references for African studies and the forecast of African affairs. In recent years, its journal West Asia and Africa (created in 1980) has gained great influence under the editorship of An Chunying and Zhan Shiming, greatly promoting the study of African issues and China-Africa relations. In 2019, 10 articles of the journal were reprinted by Chinese Social Science Abstracts and Periodical Materials Photocopied by Renmin University of China. The China-Africa Institute, founded on the basis of the IWAAS in 2019, has made its African research more focused and interacted frequently with African academic institutions. The Institute has launched two batches of cooperative research projects with the African scholars (4 in the first batch and 14 in the second), covering political, economic, social, cultural, and other aspects. The newly founded flagship Journal of China-Africa Studies will adhere to “the principles of academic quality, innovation, and openness, the journal will publish high-quality academic papers on Africa studies, China studies, and China-Africa relations by scholars from all over the world”, being “dedicated to promoting outstanding academic works, facilitating academic exchanges, reflecting new academic trends”, which is believed to provide a platform for China-Africa cooperation. 19

　　The Center for African Studies of Peking University was established in 2000. Prior to the establishment of FOCAC, it was arranged to hold an “International Forum on China Africa Cooperation”, and has carried out long-term academic cooperation with key African countries such as Egypt, South Africa, and Nigeria. In addition to the Annual Review of African Studies in China, PKU African Tele-Info as a weekly journal has operated for nearly 10 years and published more than 400 issues in electronic form with more than 6000 users, having a great impact at home and abroad. The Institute of African Studies of Nanjing University has achieved fruitful works on African economic geography. It began to publish an annual report, the African Development Studies, in 2017, and also published the compilation of research materials on African economic geography and regional development in 2019 (6 volumes) including the papers and reports on African issues that were not made public during 1964-1986, which have important academic value and practical significance. In Xiangtan University, after the establishment of the Center for African Legal and Social Studies on the basis of its African studies, the Center has published African Law Review, focusing on legal research in Africa, with rich achievements. The Center for African Studies of Shanghai Normal University has achieved great progress in recent years. In addition to holding regular African Economic seminars, it has also published African Economic Review (created in 2012) and African Economic Development Report (created in 2014). The African Institute of East China Normal University has its focus on East Africa, mainly in Tanzania, Uganda, and other countries. The research team has translated four volumes of Julius Nyerere’s works and holds seminars on African art. As a new force, the Institute of African Studies of Zhejiang Normal University has made great achievements. It publishes African Studies, Annual Report on the Development of Africa, and African Studies Series, it has established an African Museum and many research centers for education, film, anthropology, etc. The Center for African Studies of Yunnan University has produced many works. In recent years, it has absorbed talents and has begun to explore its own focus according to its location characteristics and research team. The School of Asian and African Studies of Beijing Foreign Studies University (now the independent School of African Studies) has long had the characteristics of African language teaching and scientific research. It publishes Asian and African Studies (created in 2007) and has sent teachers and students to study local languages in Africa. The Center for African Media Studies of Communication University of China was founded in 2012 and has trained a lot of professionals for China-Africa news communication and exchange.

　　Newly established African research institutions put emphasis on strengthening their own characteristics, some of them make full use of the advantages of setting up Confucius Institutes in African countries. The Center of African Union Studies of Tianjin University of Technology and Education makes full use of the Confucius Institute in Ethiopia. On the one hand, it promotes the development of African educational cooperation. On the other hand, it is committed to carrying out research on African Union organizations in politics, economy, culture, and other aspects to provide intellectual support for national strategy. Yangzhou University established the Center for Sudanese Studies in 2012 and recruited two Sudanese researchers to cooperate with Sudanese universities. Its research focuses on the history of Sudan in the colonial period, Islamic movement, foreign relations, higher education, the dilemma after the political mutation, the production of an annual report and the manual of the religious situation, etc. The Centre de Recherche Sur Madagascar of Jiangxi Normal University employs two Malagasy researchers to conduct a follow-up study on Madagascar based on the ten-year experience and achievements of the Confucius Institute in Madagascar. Its website has its own characteristics, especially the relevant laws and regulations of Madagascar. The School of Sociology and Anthropology of Sun Yatsen University, making full use of its own advantages, has held two successive seminars on “Ancient and Modern China-Africa Relations” focusing on “field research methodology of African anthropology”. It has also conducted anthropological field research in Ethiopia and archaeological excavations with international scholars in Kenya.20 Founded in 2016, the Institute for African Studies of Guangdong University of Foreign Studies pays great attention to social practice and has carried out a variety of activities at home and abroad in recent years. The Center for African Studies of Jinan University and the Center for African Studies of Wuhan University mainly rely on foreign language research and teaching talents, having their studies focused on African French speaking countries. The Center for African Coastal States Studies of Zhejiang Ocean University focuses on nine coastal States, including Senegal. Research institutions of China Foreign Affairs University, Hunan Normal University, and others are also following suit.21

　　The African study in the School of Social and Anthropology of Xiamen University has been fruitful due to the invitation of Professor Augustin Holl (who uses the Chinese name Gao Chang) to join the team. Professor Gao Chang is a Cameroonian scholar and a famous archaeologist. He once served as Professor/Curator of the Museum of Anthropology of the University of Michigan (2000-2008) and Vice President of Université Paris X (2012-2014). At the invitation of Xiamen University, he resigned from the CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) in 2017 and went to teach at the Department of Anthropology and Ethnology of Xiamen University. Later, he donated his archaeological and cultural collections to Xiamen University for teaching and research purposes and established an archaeological anthropology laboratory. He led Chinese students to Senegal for archaeological excavation in the summer of 2018 and published a large number of papers and research reports in international academic journals (Holl 2017; 2018; 2019a; 2019b; 2019c; Holl and Bocoum 2017; Silva Santos, Symanski and Holl 2019).22 In 2017, the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China established the Center for West African Studies (CWAS) together with five universities in Ghana: University of Ghana (UG), University of Cape Coast (UCC), Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration (GIMPA), University of Education at Winneba (UEW), University for Development Studies (UDS). The two sides have jointly held a seminar to promote cooperation in education and scientific research. Currently, the CWAS regularly issues annual reports in Chinese and English. One of CWAS’s innovative ways is for African and Chinese scholars to publish articles together. This joint research has achieved good results (Ameyaw and Li 2018; Asare and Shao 2018; Asare-Kyire et al. 2018; Boadi et al. 2018; Boadi et al. 2018a; Lartey and Li. 2018; Dumor and Li 2019; Zhao, S. et al. 2018). In 2020, two works on China-Africa relations were published (Tang, X. 2020; Li, A. 2020).

New trends of African research in China

　　The most important factor in the study of liberal arts and social sciences is its relevance to human society. In terms of regional and country studies, survival, development, and the environment (including nature, society, and the international community) are important concerns. I have studied the current situation and new interests of China’s African Studies, such as China-Africa relations, country studies, African history, political economy, international relations, and legal studies (Li, A. 2016a). This paper will briefly introduce the new trends of fields and topics for research.

　　The study of Africa in China began with the study of Egyptian history. Egyptology rose with the slave trade and with European colonial expansion. The colonial rule made Egypt seem separate from Africa and an extension of Europe. With the efforts of African scholars, including Egyptian scholars, the UNESCO General History of Africa Collection (Volumes 1-8) has brought Egypt back to Africa from the perspective of academic history. Starting from Xia Nai, the “father of Egyptology in China”, being further developed by Na Zhong, Liu Wenpeng, Yang Haocheng, and other older generations, it has been carried forward under the inheritance of Yan Haiying, Jin Shoufu, Bi Jiankang, and others. Lin Zhichun, Professor of Northeast Normal University, has made outstanding contributions to Egyptology in China, and has cultivated a backbone of scholars such as Lingfu Ruoming, Yan Haiying, Jin Shoufu, Li Dongxiao, Li Mo, etc. (Lingfu 2003; Guo 2016).23 A new generation is emerging, as shown by Guo Dandong’s concerns on economic history, Wang Haili’s emphasis on social history, and Guo Zilin’s interest on autocratic monarchy. In the modern and contemporary history of Egypt, Bi Jiankang analyzed the political stability of Egyptian society and Wang Tai paid attention to the interaction among the three basic forces on the Egyptian political stage: state, society, and political Islam. The research team in Egyptian studies is relatively neat, and the subjects are diversified.24

　　Anthropological/ethnological and sociological research on Africa is increasingly active. Shi Lin and Zhuang Chenyan, of Minzu University of China, have probed the ethnological methodology and African ethnic/ national issues. Li Zhigang and Niu Dong have analyzed the way of existence of Africans in China. Xu Wei has probed African anthropology, the ethnicity issue, and ethnic relations, especially in Botswana through his field work.25 More importantly, in recent years, a number of anthropology/ethnology doctors have returned to China, such as Qiu Yu, Yuan Ding, Chen Liang, Yang Beibei, Zhou Yang, etc. These young scholars discussed the social interaction of two-way immigrants, the survival track of Africans in Guangzhou, African ethnography and urbanization, the health challenges and medical strategies of new Chinese immigrants in Africa, and the two-way cultural adaptation of Chinese/African families. Dr. Lei Wen transferred from development studies to anthropology research.26 From 2015 to 2018, Gao Liangmin, of Tsinghua University, conducted ethnographic research in Tanzania, Kenya, and surrounding areas. These scholars have brought a new horizon to the study of Africa and China-Africa relations. Ethnography, ethnic relations, environmental adaptation, conflict mediation, and so on have entered the research field. Zhejiang Normal University has established the Center for African Anthropology Studies and has held various academic activities. Minzu University of China, Sun Yatsen University, and Xiamen University all have held lectures, forums, and seminars on African anthropology/ethnology/sociology. The cross-border ethnic mobility, conflict, adaptation and mediation, interaction between nomads and settlers, the complementarity between urbanization and urban and rural areas, the local wisdom to solve the contradictions between man and nature and between man and man, and the role of African immigrant groups should be gradually included in the research scope.

　　One of the main characteristics of China’s African studies is its close connection with African reality. The interaction between politics and economy has always been the research focus, including various topics, such as African leaders and political governance, party politics and development strategies, democracy and corruption, NGOs, power inheritance and political stability, national issues and national construction, non-traditional security and counter-terrorism, etc. With the signing of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement, the topic of African integration is becoming increasingly important, which is reflected in the relations between the AU and the UN and other international organizations, the AU and the International Criminal Court, the AU and its member states, and the AU and African regional organizations. African law research is also one of the important areas in recent years. With the strengthening of China-Africa relations, more and more Chinese enterprises and immigrants are entering Africa, hoping to understand the laws of African countries, thus arousing scholars’ attention to this issue. The “African Law” series, edited by Hong Yonghong, provides a platform for the dissemination of African legal knowledge and discussion. Zhu Weidong, Xia Xinhua, Li Bojun, and others have not only translated African laws or legal systems, but also published many articles on international arbitration and dispute settlement. Chinese scholars should gradually strengthen the research on the legal settlement of international disputes, such as the issue of the Chagos Islands.

　　The study of African economy involves such issues as industry, agriculture, marine fishery, water environment, small enterprises, poverty reduction, technology transfer, food security, population dividend, debt sustainability, international cooperation and assistance, etc. Lin Yifu’s new structural economics shows Chinese scholars’ view on the world economy, especially African economy, from a unique perspective (2012). Li Xiaoyun’s team made efforts to explore the issue of aid effectiveness through the practice of increasing food production in Tanzania (2019). We should strengthen the research on the African Continental Free Trade Agreement and its effects. The free trade zone will cover a market with a population of 1.2 billion and a GDP of 2.5 trillion US dollars. The Secretariat of the free trade zone is located in Ghana, and its spillover effect cannot be ignored. The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) is a regional organization with rather quick integration, and its 2019 Ministerial Conference reaffirmed that it would speed up the process of monetary integration and launch a single currency in 2020. Its role and trend need to be explored. The study of countries and regions (such as the Horn of Africa, the Mediterranean coast, the Great Lakes region, the Sahel region, the Congo River Basin, the Gulf of Guinea, the West Indian Ocean Islands) is of great importance. With a general understanding of the continent, we should put emphasis on its characteristics, such as the relationship between countries using the African Franc and France, the economic diversification of resources in countries such as Nigeria and Angola and the marine resource development of coastal countries, the intermediary role of Mauritius (development model, capital, goods, finance, etc.), the biodiversity and social development of Madagascar, the governance model of Rwanda, the immigration economy of South Africa, the role of African diaspora, especially those in the US and Europe, etc.

　　African literature is a new field. Except for the introduction of a few works at the end of the 19th century and the few published in The Eastern Miscellany in the early 20th century, the study of African literature in China began in the 1960s, and systematic research only after the 1980s. From 1986 to 2016 important African writers were explored and about 990 papers on African literature covering 16 African countries were published in Chinese journals. The translation and introduction of African works focuses on the works of protest against colonialism or for national independence, African tradition or local culture, and Nobel Prize winners, with the characteristics of having more English works than French works, more male works than female works, more novels than dramas, etc., and there are various projects to translate or study Africa including African-Americans (汪琳 2015;黄晖 2016;陈 凤姣 2017;邓耘 2018). For example, 445 articles were published about Nobel Prize Winner J. M. Coetzee from January 1986 to June 2016 (黄晖 2016) and research works are also concentrated on Coetzee (高文惠 2008;王敬慧 2010; 蔡圣勤2011; 2011; 2017;段枫；2011; 2017;钟再强2015;邵凌2016;罗晓燕 2017;史菊鸿 2017). Very few take notice of African black authors (俞漁东, 杨秀琴,and 刘清河 2012). The two works edited by Zhu Zhenwu reflect the general situation of China’s research on African English Literature (朱振武 2019a; 2019b). In recent years, African literature research has expanded from Nobel laureates to popular writers, from literature research to critical theory, from general to specific. Yao Feng, Sun Xiaomeng, Wang Lin, etc., translated African Literature - An Anthology of Criticism and Theory, edited by Tejumola Olaniyan and Ato Quayson, the first collection to comprehensively introduce African literary theory and criticism, emphasizing the uniqueness of African philology and highlighting the local characteristics of Africa.

　　There has been a discussion about the possibility of Africa making full use of its advantages to develop. If the answer is yes, what are the advantages? How to use these advantages? Political science should be deeply explored in the aspects of the balance of African political tradition and its rationality, the advantages and disadvantages of the contemporary introduction of Western democratic elections, the enthusiasm of people to participate in politics, and the operation of different power groups. African countries have encountered various problems, but they have resisted external interference and hope to overcome the difficulties with their own efforts. This growing sense of self-consciousness, with Ethiopia and Rwanda as models, reflects Africa’s exploration of a development path that suits its national conditions. African localization and autonomy is another important issue, including the African perspective in international development cooperation. Why can all forms of African culture survive in the economic backwardness and spread and flourish all over the world? Cultural studies should not only recognize the diversity and particularity of African cultures, but also evaluate its appeal, adaptability, penetration, and influence, including the boundaries of African philosophy, religion, and tradition. International politics and international relations should strengthen the discussion of Africa’s role in the international arena, including the role of Africa in the United Nations and the balanced relationship between Africa and major powers. The Franc area in Africa is extremely dependent on France in all aspects, which is a dependence imposed by the former suzerain. All these should be explored with care.

Conclusion

　　China’s African studies have gained new momentum. It must be acknowledged that African studies are still rather weak in China, and the study of China-Africa relations tends to be too inclined and lacks depth. Policy oriented research must be objective and based on profound academic research. We look forward to conducting comprehensive academic cooperation with African counterparts and international academicians, paying more attention to countries or topics, as well as to solid field work and interdisciplinary research. China’s African studies should deal with the following relations: academic discussion and social practice, knowledge popularization and in-depth research, case study and theoretical generalization, microanalysis and macro meaning, country, region and global research, etc. I am full of confidence for China’s Africa research27.

 

 

 

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-，2018.《外部干预与索马里一埃塞俄比亚边界争端》，《西亚非洲》，第3期。

郭丹彤，2005.《古代埃及对外关系研究》，黑龙江人民出版社。

-，2011.《埃及与东地中海世界的交往》，社会科学文献出版社。

-，2015.《古代埃及象形文字文献译注(三卷)》，东北师范大学出版社。

-，2016.《论古代埃及的赋税体系》，《东北师大学报》，第3期。

-，2016.《论中王国时期埃及与迦南的关系》，《外国问题研究》，第2期。

-，2016.《法老时代埃及土地私有化现象研究》，《历史研究》，第4期。

-，2017.《埃及人心中的异邦》，《东北师大学报》，第3期。

-，2017.《论埃及古王国时期国库的职能》，《历史教学(下半月刊)》，第4期。

-，2018.《国库与古代埃及王室垄断经济》，《东北师大学报》，第4期。

-，2019.《古代埃及法老时代的奴隶辨析》，《新史学》，第22辑。

-，2019.《古代埃及劳动力的征募与管理》，《杭州师范大学学报》，第6期。

郭丹彤、黄薇，2019.《古代近东文明文献读本》，中西书局。

郭佳，2016.《撒哈拉以南非洲基督教的历史与现实》，《世界宗教文化》，第3期。

-，2017.《后埃博拉时期中非卫生合作的趋向、挑战与建议》，《国际展望》，第2期。

-，2017.《“一带一路”倡议实施中的宗教风险探析一非洲基督教的视角》，《世界宗教文化》，第3期。

-，2018.《基督教会在非洲国家政治危机中的角色评析一基于刚果( 金)的个案研究》，《世界宗教文化》，第3期。

郭炯、洪永红，2017.《全球网络治理的法律困境与出路》，《湘潭大学学报》 ，第3期。

郭晓莹，2016.《阿拉伯语中的名词化现象及其语篇功能》，《阿拉伯学研 究》，第1期。

-，2017.《苏丹高等教育发展的现状与问题研究》，《阿拉伯学研究》，第6期。

-，2018.《一位埃及学者眼中的中国经验》，《盐城师范学院学报(人文社科版)》，第3期。

郭子林，2008.《垦荒播种奠基绝学一刘文鹏先生的史学贡献》，《世界历史》，第2期。

-，2016.《中国埃及学研究三十年综述》，《西亚非洲》，第1期。

哈巍、卢可伦、康乐，2018.《中国对非洲国家的教育援助是否具有能源导向？》，《复旦教育论坛》，第2期。

哈巍、陈东阳，2019.《孔子学院与来华留学生规模的实证研究一基于135 个国家面板数据(2004─2015)》，《教育发展研究》，第1期。

杭聪，2016.《战后英美在英属撒哈拉以南非洲的经济伙伴关系（1945─1964)——基于英国政策的考察》，《世界历史》，第6期。

-，2019.《英国国内政治与帝国解体》，《学术探索》，第4期。

-，2019.《南非土地问题的缘起、演进和前景》，《当代世界》，第3期。

-，2019.《战后英属撒哈拉以南非洲帝国解体原因新探》，《苏州科技大学学报》第1期。

贺鉴，2018.《北非阿拉伯国家宪法变迁与政治发展研究》，社会科学文献出版社，第12期。

-，2018.《大陆法系对南非宪法的影响一以法、德两国宪法对南非宪法 的影响为例》，《法律文化研究》，第11辑。

贺鉴、段钰琳，2017.《论中非海洋渔业合作》，《中国海洋大学学报(社会科 学版)》，第1期。

贺鉴、庞梦琦，2017.《论中非海上通道合作一以国际政治经济学为视角》，《湘潭大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》，第3期。

贺鉴、王玉全，2018.《非洲国家涉海条款入宪及其对中国的启示》，《西亚非洲》，第6期。

贺鉴、张小虎，2018.《磨砺十载，拓荒之作一夏新华教授与<非洲法律文化史论>》，第11辑。

贺鉴、堵泽西，2019.《新时期中埃蓝色伙伴关系构建一基于SW0T─APH分析法》，《中国海洋大学学报(社会科学版)》，第4期。

贺鉴、王雪，2019.《全球海洋治理视野下中非“蓝色伙伴关系”的建构》，《太平洋学报》，第2期。

贺文萍，2016.《中非关系：理性平衡及前瞻发展视角》，《当代世界》第9期。

-，2017.《中国经验与非洲发展：借鉴、融合与创新》，《西亚非洲》，第4期。

-，2017.《特朗普当选对非洲及中非关系的影响》，《当代世界》，第4期。

-，2018.“中非命运共同体”与中国特色大国外交》，《国际展望》，第4期。

-，2018.《以更大的战略定力构建中非命运共同体》，《人民论坛》，第25期。

洪永红、郭炯，2016.《论国际法发展的新趋势》，《湘潭大学学报》，第1期。

洪永红、黄星永，2019.《“一带一路”倡议下中企对非投资劳动法律风险及 应对》，《湘潭大学学报》，第3期。

侯发兵，2017.《卢旺达的民族身份解构：反思与启示》，第1期。

黄晖，2016.《非洲文学研究在中国》，《外国文学研究》，第3期。

黄庆娇、颜海英，2016.《<金字塔铭文>与古埃及复活仪式》，《古代文明》， 第4期。

黄星永、洪永红，2018.《南部非洲国家劳动法趋同化路径分析》，《民商法 论丛》，第66期。

-，2019.《新南非劳动权的嬗变及中资企业的应对》，《湘潭大学学报》， 第1期。

黄玉沛，2016.《曼德拉时期南非“黑人经济振兴”评析》，《史学集刊》，第5 期。

蒋华杰，2016.《二十世纪六十年代在华非洲学生“退学现象”分析》，《党史研究与教学》，第2期。

-，2016.《国际冷战、革命外交与对外援助一中国对非援助政策形成的 再考察(1956─1965)》，第5期。

-，2019.《现代化、国家安全与对外援助一中国援非政策演变再思考 (1970─1983)》，《外交评论》，第6期。

蒋晖，2016.《欧洲语言霸权是后殖民理论的灵魂》，《文艺理论与批评》，第1期。

-，2016.《论现代非洲文学是天然的左翼文学》，《文艺理论与批评》，第2期。

-，2016.《是逆写帝国还是帝国逆写？》，《读书》，第5期。

-，2016.《关于非洲国家社会主义运动的几点断想》，《台湾社会研究季刊》，第6期。

-，2016.《苏珊?巴顿与写不出来的非洲小说一库切<福>的阅读笔记》， 《艺术手册》，第12期。

-，2017.“我们是最后的诗人一采访南非著名诗人凯奥拉佩策·考斯尔》《文艺理论与批评》，第1期。

-，2017.《黑皮肤，白面具一访南非女诗人菲利帕.维利叶斯》，《文学理论与批评》，第2期。

-，2017.《非洲：乍为臣民与主体的历史》，《中国读书评论》，第4期。

-，2017.《马里卡纳没有来临的春天》，《读书》，第6期。

-，2017.《南非“学费必须下降”的学生运动与人民教育道路的失败》，《区域》，第1期。

-，2017.《载道还是西化：中国应有怎样的非洲文学研究？》《山东社会科学》，第6期。

-，2017.《当自由突然来临一访南非小说家尼克.穆隆戈》，《文艺理论批评》，第6期。

-，2018.《在酒楼上一访南非小说家弗雷德?库马洛》，《文艺理论语批评》，第2期。

-，2018.《生活在工人中间的学生一访南非诗人姆普特拉尼?布费洛》， 《文艺理论语批评》，第4期。

-，2019.《“去族群化”大屠杀后卢旺达身份政治的重建》，《世界民族》， 第1期。

蒋晖、孙晓萌，2017.《非洲：作为臣民与主体的历史》，《中国图书评论》，第 4期。

金玲，2019.《欧盟的非洲政策调整：话语、行为与身份重塑》，《西亚非洲》， 第2期。

孔凡倩、郭丹彤，2018.《古代埃及社会中的舍尔登人》，《世界民族》，第6期。

李安山，2006.《20世纪中国的非洲研究》，《国际政治研究》，第4期。

-，2016.《国际政治话语中的中国移民：以非洲为例》，《西亚非洲》，第1期。

-，2017.《试析二战以后非洲华人宗教意识的变迁与融合》，《华侨华人历史究》，第3期。

-，2017.《浅析战后非洲华侨华人文化生活的演变》，《八桂侨刊》，第3 期。

-，2017.《试论非洲华人社团的传承与演变(1950─2016)》，《世界民族》， 第5期。

-，2017.《二战后非洲华人社会生活的嬗变》，《西亚非洲》第5期

-，2017.《战后非洲中国移民人口状况的动态分析》，《国际政治研究》，第6期。

-，2018.《非洲留学生在中国：历史、现实与思考》，《西亚非洲》，第5期。

-，2018.《释“文化互鉴”》，《西北工业大学学报(社会科学版)》，第4期。

-，2018.《非洲华侨与民国政府的互动关系（1911─1949)》，《历史教学问题》，第1期。

-，2018.《人类命运共同体视阈下中非产能合作：潜力、优势与风险》《 统一战线学研究》，第3期。

-，2018.《中国国际移民的安全保护：责任的提升与外延》，《公安学研究》，第5期。

-，2018.《2018年中非合作论坛峰会展望：优势与挑战》，《当代世界》，第 7期。

-，2019.《利比亚的部落因素与卡扎菲的民族政策》》，《世界民族》，第1期。

-，2019.《古代中非交往史料补遗与辨析》，《史林》，第2期。

-，2019.《浅谈非洲自主性的历史与现实》，王缉思主编：《中国国际战略评论》(上)，世界知识出版社。

-，2019.《非洲华人社会经济史》(上、中、下)，江苏人民出版社。

李蓓蕾、谭惠娟，2017.《论美国非裔种族冒充小说的恶作剧叙事》，《外国文学研究》，第5期。

李长林，2009.《高尚的风范、深厚的情谊永驻世间一纪念刘文鹏先生逝世二周年》，《内蒙古民族大学学报(社会科学版)》，第4期。

李常磊主编，2017.《非洲法语国家研究(第1辑)》，山东大学出版社。

李丹，2017.《本土化视野下的坦桑尼亚教学语言问题》，《西亚非洲》，第3期。

李洪峰，2017.《茉莉花革命后突尼斯经济状况分析及展望》，《法语国家与 地区研究》，第1期。

-，2017.《乍得(列国志)》，社会科学文献出版社。

-，2019.《21世纪以来西共体对成员国内部政治动荡的应对》，《法语国 家与地区研究》，第2期。

李靖堃，2019.《“全球英国”理念下英国对非洲政策的调整》，《西亚非洲》， 第2期。

李鹏涛，2016.《殖民地农业发展计划与非洲农村反抗的兴起》，《史林》，第 1期。

-，2016.《特伦斯.兰杰及其非洲史研究》，《史学理论研究》，第3期。

-，2016.《东非印度人的历史与现状》，《世界民族》，第6期。

-，2017.《英属中部和东部非洲殖民地的城镇劳动力政策》，《世界历史》，第2期。

-，2017.《坦桑尼亚革命党的发展前景及面临的挑战》，《当代世界与社会主义》，第5期。

-，2018.《肯尼亚索马里人的由来与现状》，《世界民族》，第5期。

-，2018.《近二十年来非洲环境史研究的新动向》，《史学理论研究》，第4期。

-，019.《殖民主义与非洲社会变迁一以英属非洲殖地民为中心 (1890─1960)》，社会科学文献出版社。

-，2019.《英属非洲殖民地的禁酒政策》，《史学集刊》，第4期。

-，2019.《非洲经济史研究的新进展》，《史林》，第1期。

李维建，2011.《西部非洲伊斯兰教历史研究》，社会科学文献出版社。

-，2016.《当代非洲苏非主义：挑战与出路》，《世界宗教研究》，第3期。

-，2016.《苏瓦里传统与非洲伊斯兰教的地方化》，《世界宗教文化》，第3期。

-，2017.《当代非洲宗教生态》，《世界宗教文化》，第3期。

-，2018.《十九世纪西部非洲圣战运动研究》，中国社会科学出版社。

-，2018.《从“效忠与拒绝”理论探析当代伊斯兰极端主义产生的根源》， 《西亚非洲》，第3期。

-，2018.《当代伊斯兰教赛莱菲主义的理论与实践》，《世界宗教研究》， 第2期。

-，2019.《十九世纪西非圣战运动的性质与影响》，《世界宗教文化》，第2期。

李文刚，2016.《尼曰利亚面临的挑战与策略选择》，《当代世界》，第5期。

-，2017.《尼日利亚伊斯兰教什叶派初探》，《世界宗教文化》，第3期。

-，2017.《撒哈拉以南非洲的伊斯兰主义》，《阿拉伯世界研究》，第2期。

-，2018.“博科圣地”的演变与尼日利亚反恐政策评析》，《阿拉伯世界 研究》，第4期。

-，2018.《尼曰利亚农牧民冲突：超越民族宗教因素的解读》，《西亚非 洲》，第3期。

-，2019.“一带一路”背景下尼日利亚宗教格局及宗教风险分析》，《世 界宗教文化》，第2期。

-，2019.《2019年总统选举与尼日利亚政党政治特点评析》，《当代世界》，第4期。

李小云，2019.《发展援助的未来》，中信出版社。

李新烽，2017.《中国参与几内亚湾地区和平与安全合作：挑战与深化路 径》，《国际问题研究》，第4期。

-，2018.《冲突框架与中立转向：2002─2006年BBC中非关系报道分析》， 《新闻与传播研究》，第3期。

-，2018.《美国新生大国转型期的国际话语权建构》，《世界经济与政治》 ，第7期。

-，2018.《超越西方“他者”视角：中非媒体的“自我”建构》，《新闻爱好 者》，第7期。

-，2019.《中非关系与“一带一路”建设》，《求是》，第8期。

-，2019.《自主自强已成非洲国家共识》，《人民论坛》，第8期下(特)。

李新烽、李玉洁，2018.《新面孔与新变革：中国媒体改变非洲传媒格局》，《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》，第3期。

李新烽、张春宇，2018.《非洲面临哪些安全威胁》，《人民论坛》，第10期。

李新烽、格雷戈里?休斯敦等主编，2019.《非洲华侨华人报告》，中国社会科学出版社。

李新烽、邓延庭，2019.《蒙内铁路：“一带一路”在非洲行稳致远》，《陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》，第5期。

李新烽，郑一钧，2018.郑和远航非洲与21世纪海上丝绸之路，中国社会科学出版社。

李智彪，2016.《非洲工业化战略与中非工业化合作战略思考》，《西亚非洲》，第5期。

-，2017.《大宗商品低迷期非洲面临三重危机挑战一以非洲五大经济 体为例》，《当代世界》，第12期。

-，2016.《“一带一路”框架下的中非产能合作与非洲工业化》，《中国国际战略评论2016》，世界知识出版社。

-，2017.《“革命”之后的语言一政治关系反思》，《中国图书评论》，第4期。

廉超群，2019.《<2019中东和北非风险状况报告>评析》，《世界知识》，第13期。

梁益坚，2017.《非盟地区治理：非洲相互审查机制探微》，《西亚非洲》，第6期。

-，2018.《非洲新型工业化趋势下的重点领域探析》，《海外投资与出口信贷》，第4期。

梁益坚、王锦，2018.《撒哈拉以南非洲人口红利与国家政策取向》，《西亚非洲》，第6期。

林毅夫，2012.《新结构经济学》，北京大学出版社。

令孤若明，2003.《中国的埃及学研究》，《史学集刊》，第3期。

刘成富，2018.《非洲概况与中非关系》，南京大学出版社。

刘冬，2018.《中国与北非经贸合作的转型升级》，《中国金融》，第17期。

-，2019.《中国摩洛哥开展国际产能合作的现实基础》，《阿拉伯世界研 究》，第2期。

刘海方，2019.《非洲重回世界中心还是大国在非洲博弈？》，王缉思主编：《中国国际战略评论(上)》，世界知识出版社。

刘海方、刘均主编，2017.《赞比亚农业外国直接投资：减贫和发展的机会与挑战》，社会科学文献出版社。

刘海方、宛如、刘均、柯文卿主编，2018.《非洲农业的转型发展与南南合作》，社会科学文献出版社。

刘鸿武，2016.《新时期中非合作关系研究》，经济科学出版社。

-，2016.《非洲研究的“中国学派”：如何可能？》，《西亚非洲》，第3期。

-，2017.《从中国边疆到非洲大陆─跨文化区域研究行与思》，世界知识出版社。

-，2018.《命运共同体视域下中非共享知识体系的建构》，《西亚非洲》， 第5期。

-，2019.《非洲学发凡》，人民出版社。

刘鸿武、徐薇主编，2018.《中国一南非人文交流发展报告(2016-2017年) 》，浙江人民出版社。

刘金虎、郭丹彤，2016.《古代埃及<金字塔铭文>中的早期托特神崇拜》，《史学集刊》，第2期。

刘兰，2016.《南非种族隔离时期的教育制度与种族分层劳动力市场的形 成》，《世界民族》，第2期。

-，2017.《南非白人政府干预与白人贫困问题的解决》，《开发研究》，第4 期。

刘青建，2018.《中非合作发展的先导作用与对中国“一带一路”倡议》，《当代世界》，第6期。

-，2018.《合作发展：非洲发展的选择与中非合作的示范效应》，《教学与研究》，第1期。

刘青建、赵雅婷，2018.《欧盟发展援助与加纳民主政治发展探析》，《国际论坛》，第2期。

刘青建、赵晨光、王聪悦，2019.《中国对非洲关系的国际环境研究》，社会科学文献出版社。

刘伟才，2016.《论非洲的“非正式一体化”》，《上海师范大学学报(哲社版)》，第2期。

-，2016.《赞比亚的非政府组织初探》，《西亚非洲》，第4期。

-，2016.《范西纳的非洲史研究》，《世界历史》，第6期。

-，2017.《赞比亚政教关系的历史透视一基于殖民当局与传教会通信 的研究》，《史学集刊》，第1期。

-，2017.“一带一路”在非洲的适用范围与实施》，《国别和区域研究》。

-，2017.《塞西尔·罗得斯传》，上海社会科学院出版社(译著)。

-，2018.《非行者言：19世纪英国人非洲行居记录的史料价值及其利用》 ，上海社会科学院出版社。

-，2018.《19世纪英国人非洲行记中的经济史资料及其利用》，《上海师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》，第4期。

-，2019.《冷战时期美苏在非洲争夺的得失与教训》，《边疆与周边问题研究》，2019年第2期。

-，2019.《非洲经济史：内部发展与外部依赖》，上海社会科学院出版社(译著校对)。

刘文鹏，2002.《埃及学与中国》，《史学理论研究》，第1期。

刘中伟，2017.《美国对非政策的动因与走向》，《国际论坛》，第5期。

-，2018.《德国默克尔政府的非洲政策及对中非关系的态度》，《当代世界》第9期。

-，2019.《美非关系中“俄罗斯因素”的历史嬗变》，《西亚非洲》，第2期。

龙翔，2016.《经济危机对阿拉伯剧变的引发作用一以突尼斯为例》，《现代经济信息》，第2期。

-，2016.《从农业角度观察埃及变革的发生》，《现代经济信息》，第10期。

卢凌宇，2016.《非洲的可持续发展：挑战与应对》，《国际问题研究》，第 4 期。

-，2016.《西方学者对非洲国家能力（1970─2012)的分析与解读》，《国际政治研究》，第4期。

-，2018.《战争与撒哈拉以南非洲国家建设》，《世界经济与政治》，第11期。

卢凌宇、赵迎节，2016.《国内冲突的扩散：影响因素、理论盲区和研究方法》，《国外社会科学》，第4期。

罗晓燕，2017.《库切的后期创作与西马思潮影响》，南开大学出版社。

马千里，2018.《“中国非遗代表性项目名录”列入标准研究》，《文化遗产》， 第4期。

-，2018.“非遗”清单编制与非洲裔巴西人文化权利维护：历史、现实与 启示》，《世界民族》，第1期。

马秀杰，2019.《南非不同时期的语言政策及其在民族认同和构建中所产 生的影响》，《语言政策与规划研究》，第1期。

马秀杰、王文斌，2019.《从与汉、英的对比和比较角度论祖鲁语的时间性特质》，《北京科技大学学报(社会科学版)》，第2期。

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宁或、王涛，2017.《索马里青年党的意识形态与身份塑造》，《世界民族》， 第3期。

牛长松，2017.《津巴布韦高等教育研究》，东北师范大学出版社。

牛冬，2015.《移民还是过客？一广漂非洲人的现状观察》，《文化纵横》，第3期。

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彭姝祎，2019.《从戴高乐到马克龙：法国的非洲政策变化轨迹与内在逻 辑》，《西亚非洲》，第2期。

朴英姬，2016.《跨国公司在发展中国家的社会责任》，《国际经济合作》，第6期。

-，2017.《跨国石油公司社会责任与尼曰利亚的可持续发展》，《西亚非 洲》，第1期。

-，2018.《全球金融危机后非洲经济发展的新变化》，《国际论坛》，第6期。

-，2018.《非洲的可持续城市化：挑战与因应之策》，《区域与全球发展》， 第2期。

青觉、朱鹏飞，2019.《从宽恕到宽容：后冲突时代南非社会和解与转型正义之反思一基于开普敦地区的田野调查研究》，《世界民族》，第1期。

邱昱，2016.《清洁与危险：中─尼亲密关系里的去污名化技术和身份政治》， 《开放时代》，第4期。

任航、张振克、蒋生楠、王卿、胡昊，2018.《非洲港口城市分布特征及其港 城规模关系比较》，《人文地理》，第6期。

任航、童瑞凤、张振克、蒋生楠、汪欢，2018.《南非海洋经济发展现状与中国─南非海洋经济合作展望》，《世界地理研究》，第4期。

邵凌，2016.《库切作品与后现代文化景观》，高等教育出版社。

沈晓雷，2016.《津巴布韦殖民时期的土地剥夺、种族隔离与民族反抗》，《世界民族》，第4期。

-，2016.《通往和平与繁荣之路一非洲工业化的全球红利》，《国外社会科学》，第4期。

-，2017.《南苏丹的和平进程与国际社会的作用》，《西亚非洲》，第1期。

-，2017.《非洲反建制主义的勃兴一对当前非洲政治变迁的另一种解读》，《国际政治科学》，第2期。

-，2018.《津巴布韦政局变化与执政党津民盟的政策走向》，《当代世界》，第1期。

-，2018.《透视非洲民主化进程中的“第三任期”现象》《西亚非洲》，第2期。

-，2018.《津巴布韦土地重新安置与种族和解研究》，《世界民族》，第2期。

-，2019.《津巴布韦“后穆加贝时代”时代以来的政治变迁》，《当代世界》 ，第3期。

-，2019.《“快车道”土地改革与津巴布韦政治发展》，《国际政治研究》， 第3期。

沈晓雷、孙晓萌，2018.《津巴布韦土地重新安置与种族和解研究》，《世界民族》，第2期。

沈喜彭，2018.《中国援建坦赞铁路研究》，黄山书社。

施琳，2016.《应对民族多样性的“非洲思路”一多维度视域下的埃塞俄比亚民族治理模式》，《黑龙江民族丛刊》，第3期。

-，2017.《边境人类学发凡一国际边境研究理论范式与我国边境民族 志的新思考》，《广西民族研究》，第2期。

-，2019.《超越“共生”与“冲突”：非洲民族研究方法论的精进与启示》，《 世界民族》，第1期。

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史菊鸿，2017.《种族?性别?身体政治库切南非小说研究》，南京大学出版社。

石云龙，2013.《库切小说“他者”多维度研究》，南京大学出版社。

舒运国，2012.《非洲史入门》，北京大学出版社。

-，2016.《非洲永远失去工业化的机会吗？》，《西亚非洲》，第4期。

-，2017.《非洲人口研究剖析：人口数量研究的进展》，《上海师范大学学 报(哲学社会科学版)》，第4期。

-，2018.《关于非洲经济史的历史分期》，《上海师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》，第5期。

-，2019.《研究和编纂中国版非洲经济史的几点思考》，《上海师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》，第3期。

-，2019.《五十年来国外非洲经济史研究》，《世界历史》，第6期。

宋微，2018.《被搅动的战略底端一冷战后美国对撒哈拉以南非洲政策及效果评估(1990-2016)》，中国商务出版社。

宋慧聪、郭丹彤，2018.《<摩斯诉讼铭文>译注》，《新世界史》。

孙晓萌，2016.《豪萨语第三册》，外语教学与研究出版社。

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-，2017.《南非新闻出版业现状与中南人文交流的拓展》，《中国出版》， 第12期。

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谭惠娟，2017.《现代主义视野下的T.S.艾略特与拉尔夫.埃利森》，《外国文学研究》，第1期。

-，2017.《拉尔夫.埃利森和马克.吐温的文学修辞》，《外国语文研究》，第6期。

-，2017.《理查德.赖特的饥饿书写》，《外国语言》，第6期。

-，2018.《拉尔夫?埃利森的生存哲理》，《山东外语教学》，第1期。

-，2018.《拉尔夫?埃利森文学研究》，三联书店。

谭惠娟、罗良功、王卓等，2016.《美国非裔作家论》，上海外语教育出版社。

唐勇，2017.《当代非洲七国经济法概述》，浙江人民出版社。

田明、王泰，2010.《拓荒耕作，成难为之功一刘文鹏教授与内蒙古民族大 学的埃及史研究》，《内蒙古民族大学学报(社会科学版)》，第3期。

童瑞凤、任航、王鑫、汪欢、张振克，2017.《中国对非贸易空间格局演变与 空间均衡》，《热带地理》，第4期。

王聪悦，2019.《美国与欧盟的北非安全政策研究》，社会科学文献出版社。

-，2019.《阿拉伯之春以来美国、欧盟的北非安全政策失灵研究》，社会 科学文献出版社。

王海利，2008.《刘文鹏教授与我国的埃及学研究一纪念刘文鹏先生逝世一周年》，《内蒙古民族大学学报(社会科学版)》，第3期。

-，2010.《法老与学者：埃及学的历史》，北京师范大学出版社。

-，2013.《失落的玛阿特：古代埃及文献<能言善辩的农民>研究》，北京大学出版社。

-，2014.《埃及通史》，上海社会科学院出版社。

-，2016.《限定符号与古埃及人的心理认知研究》，《外国问题研究》，第2期。

-，2016.《埃及新王国时期王室女性权力探析》，《妇女与性别史研究》， 第1期。

-，2016年，《古埃及帝国时期王室女性“三位一体”现象研究》，《纪念雷海宗先生诞辰110周年：中国第四届世界古代史国际学术研讨会 论文集》，中华书局。

王洪一，2019.《中非共建产业园的现状、问题和对策》，《国际问题研究》， 第1期。

王金岩，2016.《利比亚战后乱局中的部落因素》，《阿拉伯世界研究》，第4期。

-，2018.《塞西政府的内外政策走向及中埃合作前景》，《当代世界》，第5期。

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王敬慧，2010.《永远的流散者：库切评传》，北京大学出版社。

汪琳，2015.《非洲法语文学在国内的翻译》，《时代文学(下半月）》，第7期。 王涛，2016.《论非洲圣灵抵抗军兴起的宗教背景及其宗教理念》，《世界宗 教文化》，第2期。

-，2017.《尼曰利亚“油气寄生型”反政府武装探析》，《西亚非洲》，第3期。

王涛、胡洋，2016.《试析印度对非洲的投资》，《南亚研究季刊》，第2期。

王涛、赵跃晨，2016.《非洲太阳能开发利用与中非合作》，《国际展望》，第6期。

王涛、张嘉宸，2016.《非洲国家发展特征的三个维度及其本质》，《中北大学学报》，第4期。

王涛、曹峰毓，2016.《伊斯兰马格里布基地组织产生的背景、特点及影响》， 《西亚非洲》年第3期。

-，2016.《东非油气资源开发的历史透视与现状解析》，《世界地理研究》，第2期。

-，2018.《多维视域下的非洲石油政治研究》，《国外社会科学》，第8期。 王涛、王璐晞，2017.《卡萨芒斯分离主义运动的发展、影响及启示》，《世界民族》，第2期。

王涛、邓荣秀，2017.《川田顺造比较史学述论》，《史学理论研究》，第3期。 -，2017.《日本对非洲投资的历史透视与现状解析：兼谈与中国的比较》， 《日本学刊》，第1期。

-，2018.《川田顺造的非洲史研究评述》，《史林》，第10期。

王涛、鲍家政，2018.《“多边─多边”机制视域下的欧非峰会探析》，《西亚非洲》，第8期。

-，2018.《美国对非洲投资的历史透视与现状解析》，《美国问题研究》， 第6期。

王涛、宁或，2018.《撒哈拉以南非洲萨拉菲主义的传入、极端化及影响》，《 阿拉伯世界研究》，第8期。

王涛、彭琳，2018.《利比亚民兵组织的历史透视与现状解析》，《中东研究》 ，第10期。

王涛、赵跃晨，2018.《泛索马里主义的历史渊源与流变》，《世界民族》，第8 期。

王晓云，2018.《“一带一路”视角下国际减贫合作机制研究一以中非减贫 事业为例》，《未来与发展》，第11期。

王战、张瑾、刘天乔主编，2018.《非洲经济和社会文化制度研究》，武汉大 学出版社。

韦晓慧、黄梅波，2018.《国际产业转移与非洲制造业发展》，人民出版社。

吴传华，2017.《津巴布韦本土化政策及其对中国投资的影响》，《西亚非洲》，第5期。

-，2017.《本土化政策对津巴布韦投资环境的影响》，《国际经济合作》， 第8期。

吴传华、李新烽，2019.《加强中非学术研究深化中非文明互鉴》，《中国社会科学报》，第4期。

相雨，2019.《萌芽中的对外传播建设性新闻学：央视英语新闻非洲频道的结构性新闻框架分析》，吴信训主编：《世界传媒产业评论(13辑)》， 中国国际广播出版社。

徐国庆，2017.《印度莫迪政府对非政策的调整》，《当代世界》，第2期。

-，2017.《俄罗斯对非洲政策的演进及中俄在对非关系领域的合作》，《俄罗斯学刊》，第4期。

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徐薇，2016.《人类学的非洲研究：历史、现状与反思》，《民族研究》，第2期。

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-，2018.《南非华人的历史、现状与文化适应》，《广西民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》，第3期。

-，2019.《南非非洲独立教会及其对社会与政治的影响一以锡安基督 教会为例》，《世界宗教文化》，第2期。

许永璋，2019.《古代中非关系史稿》，上海辞书出版社。

颜海英，2009《中国“埃及学之父”夏鼐》，《历史研究》，第6期。

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-，2016.《<来世之书>中的复活仪式》，《外国问题研究》，第3期。

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-，2017.《丹德拉神庙与亡灵书》，《墓葬美术研究》，第4辑。

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--，2018.《Ancient Egyptian Afterlife and Funerary Custom》，收于 《尼罗河的馈赠，古埃及文物特展》。

-，2019.《古埃及神话与传说》，收于《尼罗河的回响，古埃及文物特展》。

--，2019.《Ancient Egyptian Myths》，收于《尼罗河的回响，古埃及文物特展》。

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杨宝荣，2017.《从肯尼亚曰非峰会看曰本对非政策调整》，《当代世界》，第11期。

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杨蓓蓓，2019.《非洲中国新移民的健康挑战和求医策略研究一以赞比亚为例》，《西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版)》，第10期。

杨人榧，1984.《非洲通史简编从远古至1918年1984》人民出版社。

杨熹、郭丹彤，2016.《<都灵税收纸草>译注》，《古代文明》，第1期。

杨孝柏、马为公，1986.《求学不辞天方远一访纳忠教授》(上)，《阿拉伯世界》，第4期。

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姚峰，2016.《小民族文学的理论意义：作为个案的阿契贝的出版活动》，《文学理论前沿》，第2期。

-，2019.《艺术与政治之辩：非洲文学批评刍议》，《上海师范大学学报》， 第5期。

姚桂梅，2016.《从一体化视角看非洲工业化的新动力》，《西亚非洲》，第4期。

-，2017.《中非产能合作：成效、问题与前景》，《国际经济合作》，第6期。

-，2017.《“一带一路”建设下的中非产能合作》，《当代世界》，第7期。

-，2018.《中非共建“一带一路”进展、风险与前景》，《当代世界》第10期。

-，2019.《中非合作与“一带一路”建设战略对接：现状与前景》，《国际经 济合作》，第3期。

俞灏东、杨秀云、俞任远，2012.《非洲文学作家作品散论》，宁夏人民出版社。

俞灏东、杨秀琴、刘清河，2012.《现代非洲文学之父》，宁夏人民出版社。

俞莉琪，2014.“读史与做人”一纪念杨人榧先生》，《北大史学》，第1期。

翟凤杰、王玉华、潘良主编，2016.《非洲一体化背景下的中非合作》，世界知识出版社。

曾爱平，2016.《非洲形势：自主发展机遇与隐忧并存》，《国际形势和中国外交蓝皮书(2015)》，世界知识出版社。

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-，2018.《肯尼亚政党政治演变及特点》，《当代世界》，第4期。

-，2018.《中国在非洲投资的现状、机遇和挑战》，《海外投资与出口信贷》，第8期。

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-，2019.《促进中非投融资合作高质量发展》，《国际工程与劳务》，第419 期。

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张驰、沐涛，2019.《殖民时期法国对寒内加尔同化政策评析》，《上海师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》，第3期。

张春，2017.《走进非洲》，复旦大学出版社。

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张勇、陈远，2017.《<战狼2>的非洲叙事分析》，《北京电影学院学报》，第5期。

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张永宏，2016.《非洲：本土知识在国家建构进程中的作用》，《自然辩证法 研究》，第7期。

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张永宏、郭元飞，2016.《论中国与埃塞俄比亚科技合作的机制与内容》，《西南石油大学学报(社会科学版)》，第3期。

张永宏、洪薇、赵东，2018.《中非知识生产与创新共同体的双向建构一基于南北、南南技术转移、知识流动链环结构的视角》，《当代世界》， 第10期。

张振克主编，2018.《海外利益维护角度的非洲发展与安全动态回顾与展望》，《世界经济与政治论坛》，第20期。

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张忠祥，2016.《当前非洲经济转型的特点》，《上海师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》，第2期。

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赵蜀蓉、谭梦涵、杜莹、王政清，2018.《论“一带一路”倡议背景下中国改革开放经验对非洲国家的借鉴意义》，《电子科技大学学报(社科版)》 ，第5期。

赵蜀蓉、杨科科、龙林岸，2018.《“一带一路”基础设施建设中PPP模式面临的风险与对策研究》，《中国行政管理》，第11期。

赵蜀蓉、杨科科、谭梦涵、龙林岸，2019.《中非国际产能合作面临的风险与对策研究》，《经济问题》，第4期。

赵雅婷，2019.《21世纪欧盟对非洲援助的政治导向研究》，社会科学文献出版社。

赵忆宁，2018.《21世纪的中国与非洲》，中信出版社。

赵祚翔，吴昕月，李浩民，2018.“一带一路”倡议下中非产能合作的机制和实践一基于新结构经济学的视角》，《国际贸易》，第8期。

郑海琦、张春宇，2018.《非洲参与海洋治理：领域、路径与困境》，《国际问题研究》，第6期。

郑晓霞，2017.《书写“她”的历史一非洲妇女史的兴起与发展》，《史学理论研究》，第2期。

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1. School of International Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China and University of Elec- tronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, China. E-mail: anshanli@pku.edu.cn

2. “Egypt used Chinese silk 3000 years ago”, April 2, 1993, People’s Daily.

3. “West” in ancient China indicates the foreign land west of China, including Mid-Asia and West Asia, North Africa and further westwards (Sun 1979).

4. “Chinese FM meets Madagascar’s president on cooperation under Belt-Road Initiative”, January 8, 2017, Xinhaunet.

5. “Xi meets Madagascar’s president”, September 5, 2018, China Daily.

6. “China signed BRI Memorandum with 37 African countries and AU”, September 7, 2018. Chinese Government Net.

7. For a history of China’s African studies, see 李安山 2006;张宏明 2011;《中国非洲史研 究会三十年》编委会2011;舒运国2012.

8. “Professor Na Zhong”, September 15, 2011.

9. Wu Nan, “Academicians memorized the hundred anniversary of Mr. Zhang Tongzhu”, December 1, 2015.

10. The most prominent is the publication of three volumes of General History of Africa (1996), Ge Jie, ed. Concise Encyclopaedia ofSub-Saharan Africa (2000) and Zhao Guozhong, ed., Concise Encyclopaedia of West Asia and North Africa (Middle East) (2000). For more details, see Li, A.

2005, 20i6.

11. For example, on June 13, 2014, Li Anshan and two Norwegian scholars in Ch. Michelsen Institute were invited to meet with officials of the Africa Department at the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs to exchange ideas on China-Africa relations. On November 10, 2016, after meeting with Ms. U. Dwarka-Canabady of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mauritius, Li Anshan gave a lecture on “Development cooperation between China and Africa: Concept and Practice” in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mauritius, and exchanged ideas with more than 50 diplomats, including the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. “Professor Li Anshan, an expert on African issues, comes to Mauritius for academic exchanges”.

12. “African Diplomatic Mission in China held the Golden Jubilee of the OAU/AU Seminar in Beijing”.

13. “Zhu Weidong of Center for African Law was appointed to the International Commercial Panel by the Arbitration Foundation of Southern Africa”, Xiangtan University Law School, November 4, 2013.

14. “China-South African held seminar to celebrate the 15th anniversary of establishment of diplomatic relations”, Chinanet, September 20, 2013.

15. “Report of the meeting: International Scientific Committee for the drafting of Volume IX of the General History of Africa”, Salvador, 20-24 November 2013; Chen Zhenyun, “Let the great African history tell the future - Interview with Li Anshan, Vice Chair of the International Scientific Committee of UNESCO General History of Africa (9-11 Vols.)”, Peking University Gazette, January 10, 2020. See also the net version in The Paper website.

16. “Professor Li Anshan, Chair of the Chinese Society of African Historical Studies, was invited to co-chair the seminar on China-African Relations”, World History Research of China Net. In 2014, Li Anshan gave lectures/speeches as AFRASO Professor at Frankfurt University. In 201, during former UN Secretary General Kofi Annan’s visit, Peking University sent him as a gift Li Anshan’s monographs on Ghanaian history both in Chinese and English.

17. “Graduate Student Paper Prize Winners”.

18. “Yuan Ding: A ‘Guo Ke’s self-description”, January 18, 2018.

19. The institutions involved in the first and second batches of joint-research projects are those of South Africa, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Cameroon, Mauritius, Morocco, etc. China-Africa Institute issued the notice of the third batch of joint-research projects in December 2019.

20. Wang Xiaopeng & Lu Duobao, “Remains of Chinese consanguinity during the Zheng He’s period are discovered in Kenya”, July 29, 2017.

21. For details, please refer to “Notes on the chronicle of African studies in China since 1949: Taking the research institutions and academic journals as the main line”.

22. “Featured Interview: Professor Augustin F. C. Holl”, Office of International Cooperation and Exchange/Office of Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao Affairs, November 1, 2019.

23. The Institute for the History of Ancient Civilizations of Northeast Normal University set up a special experiment class for young scholars, which became the backbone of the study of ancient world history in China. It also runs an English journal, Journal of Ancient Civiliza- tions ( JAC ) to provide a platform for the study of Egyptology, Assyriology, and Hittist studies, etc., which has greatly promoted the study of Egyptology in China.

24. For Egyptology in China, refer to “Entry into Egyptology in China”.

25. “Xu Wei: I and African anthropology——Era, subject, platform and individual”. 26 “Lei Wen: My anthropological time”, January 15, 2018.

26. “Lei Wen: My anthropological time”, January 15, 2018.

27. Zhang Mengying & Wu He, “Chin’s African studies and my research path——Interview with Peking University Professor and Director of Center for African Studies LI Anshan”, Chinese Social Sciences Net, November 9, 2017.

28. Most of the Chinese works are published either in academic journals or books during the period of 2016-2019. Owing to the limited space, the articles or translations published in paper collections, yearbooks, newspapers, networks are not included.

 

 

 

ABSTRACT

China’s systematic understanding and research of Africa began in New China, which can be roughly divided into three stages. Supporting Africa (1950-1965). Political emphasis decided that the contact with and study on Africa should be based on support for national independence movements. Understanding Africa (1966-1976). Some institutions translated a large number of works in the “Cultural Revolution” to enhance understanding of Africa. Studying Africa (1977-). The reform and opening up prompted the academic community to become familiar with Africa and start preliminary research. The development of China Africa relations has promoted all-round research on Africa (Li, A. 2005). This article attempts to further explore China’s African studies, which are divided into five parts, e.g., a historical background of relationship between China and Africa, a brief illustration of the achievements of four generations (especially young people), the participation and contribution of Chinese scholars in the international academia; the development of research insti- tutions, and an analysis of the new trend of African studies in China.

KEYWORDS:

African Studies. China-Africa Relations. Academic Research.

Received on May 3, 2021

Accepted on May 9, 2021