《世界历史》2014年第6期

　　目  录

　　•亚洲史•外债问题与奥斯曼帝国的深层危机 /王三义(4)

　　13—15世纪安南的国家意识与文化取向 /陈文源(17)

　　•欧洲史•英国中古前期的税收习惯 /顾銮斋(26)

　　盎格鲁—撒克逊时期英格兰的世俗贵族等级 /孙银钢(42)

　　奥斯曼时期巴黎的郊区化与城郊整合 /朱明(52)

　　•古代史•哈德良时期运输方式的改变与罗马东方领土的丧失 /许礼捷(63)

　　亚述行省制度探析 /国洪更(75)

　　•研究评述•武景碑与东南亚古史研究 /牛军凯(90)

　　近年来西方学界对英国消费社会兴起问题的研究 /曹瑞臣(101)

　　国内外学界关于美港关系史的研究述评 /孙晨旭(114)

　　•书评•从农民学到断裂国家理论

　　——《新剑桥印度史》的传统农业社会理论评析 /王立新(129)

　　碎片化的记忆与历史重构

　　——评王海利新著《失落的玛阿特》/郭子林(137)

　　•会议综述•世界历史研究回顾与展望暨世界历史研究所成立50年座谈会综述 /饶望京(140)

　　国际全球史与世界史组织联合会会议在德国举行 /孙岳(143)

　　中国世界近代史研究会2013年学术年会综述 /李冈原 伍学东(145)

　　“21世纪国际史学发展趋势”学术研讨会综述 /张文涛(147)

　　中国美国史研究会第十五届年会暨学术研讨会综述 /李晶(149)

　　潘润涵先生的史学思想简述徐健 /俞金尧(151)

　　CONTENTS

　　Foreign Debt and the Deep Crisis of the Ottoman Empire /Wang Sanyi(4)

　　The National Consciousness and Cultural Orientation of Annam in 13th-15th Centuries /Chen Wenyuan(17)

　　The Custom of Taxation in the Early Medieval England /Gu Luanzhai(26)

　　On the Secular Aristocratic Hierarchy of Anglo-Saxon England /Sun Yingang(42)

　　The Suburbanization and Integration of Paris during Haussmann's Renovation /Zhu Ming(52)

　　The Change in Transport and the Loss of Eastern Territories in the Reign of Hadrian /Xu Lijie(63)

　　On the Formation and Characteristics of Assyrian Provinces /Guo Honggeng(75)

　　On the Vo Canh Inscription and History of Ancient Southeast Asia /Niu Junkai(90)

　　A Review of Recent Western Researches on the Rise of British Consumer Society /Cao Ruichen(101)

　　A Review of Current Researches on the Relationship between the United States and Hong Kong /Sun Chenxu(114)

　　　　SUMMARIES OF ARTICLES

　　Foreign Debt and the Deep Crisis of the Ottoman Empire

　　Wang Sanyi

　　Although the fall of the Ottoman Empire was not attributed to its foreign debts, the latter reflected certain details in the recession, crisis and ultimate collapse of the empire. With the increasing tax and trading income incomparable to the soaring expenditure on military, administration and domestic security, the empire was forced to borrow foreign debts which varied in amounts and were resulted from different motives, to mitigate its financial difficulties. Established to repay debts, the Ottoman Public Debt Administration brought direct benefits and latent hazards to the empire. It helped the empire surmount the fiscal crisis, but with functions infiltrating in many aspects of the empire, it also had adverse influences on a wide range of affairs from imperial administration to civil consciousness, including a vitiated loyalty of people to the Turkish governors.

　　The National Consciousness and Cultural Orientation of Annam in 13th-15th Centuries

　　Chen Wenyuan

　　After the independence of Annam, the country experienced hundreds of years of exploration in the establishment of its independent administrative system and cultural interpretation, the cultivation of national consciousness, and the stabilization of relationship with Chinese central governments. In administration, following the model of Song and Ming governments, Annam imitated Chinese administrative systems. In culture, the Trn dynasty respected Duke of Zhou and Confucius, while disparaging Zhu Xi，Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi. With the criticism on Neo Confucianism, unique cultural characteristics were articulated However, after the thirty year governance of the Ming dynasty, the Le dynasty changed its policy to “cultural identity”, adopting cultural and ethical values of the former and developed its own Confucian education and imperial examination systems. Moreover, Annam rulers created and standardized Chu Nom, and recorded and compiled national history, which contributed to the gradual formation of national consciousness From the perspective of Annam, China and Annam belonged to an identical Chinese culture; its relationship with Chinese dynasties was one of independence, equality, and brotherhood; it differed from China only in terms of power.

　　　　The Custom of Taxation in the Early Medieval England

　　Gu Luanzhai

　　The custom of taxation was the legal and institutional basis of taxation in medieval England. Along with routine practices, the custom was reinforced and renewed through the adaptation to new social changes, the elimination of obsolete aspects, and the stipulation of official documents. Moreover, the custom had great impacts on vernacular language, governmental locution, and political economic operation. It was widely accepted, followed, and preserved by all social classes. The great legal and institutional efficacy of the custom was manifested in its influences on the regulation of domestic affairs and the maintenance of financial balance.

　　　　On the Secular Aristocratic Hierarchy of Anglo Saxon England

　　Sun Yingang

　　The secular aristocratic hierarchy of Anglo-Saxon England was composed of ealdorman, gesith and thegn. At the beginning, the concept of ealdorman was relevantly vague, which was represented by senior military leaders, who took on county governing duties later on. At the end of the 9th century, the status of ealdorman kept on rising with one ealdorman managing multiple counties. However, the trend reversed at the end of the 10th century, and ealdormen were gradually replaced by earls. Gesiths were common at the early ages of Anglo-Saxon England, and were supplanted by thegns with the increasing power of the latters During the late Anglo-Saxon ages, the development of sovereignty was a crucial factor, exerting significant influences on the society. Meanwhile, nascent feudalism emerged among aristocrats.

　　The Suburbanization and Integration of Paris during Haussmann's Renovation

　　Zhu Ming

　　Under the direction of Haussmann, Paris launched a massive program of urban expansion and suburbanization. With the incorporation of many towns formerly belonging to Seine, Paris transformed into a complex comprising of a downtown, new urban districts and suburbs. In order to facilitate the urbanization of new regions and integrate the entire city complex, Haussmann initiated the construction and rehabilitation of roads and infrastructures outside of the city center, resulting in patterns and appearances unique to Paris. Meanwhile, he also rebuilt public space, contributing to the development of faubourg and banlieue in terms of municipal organization, urban culture, welfare facilities and collective memories. Although the program failed to prevent the occurrence of suburb problems and the division of urban areas and suburbs, and was frequently criticized, it was conducive to the integrity of the expanding Paris and the further development of the city.

　　The Change in Transport and the Loss of Eastern Territories in the Reign of Hadrian

　　Xu Lijie

　　Deciding to retreat from the Eastern Territories at the beginning of his reign, Hadrian relinquished the land conquered by Trajan. The reason for doing so has long been a challenge for historians who gave new accounts at times. Admittedly, strategic adjustments resulted from the synergy of multiple factors, but it seems that the significance of transport and logistics has been underestimated. Military supply network, the lifeline of expansion, was integral to the Roman Empire. During the Roman Parthian Wars, the Roman Empire was forced to adopt expensive and inefficient land transport, as massive water transport was unviable due to external reasons. The change severely hampered the implementation of traditional strategies in Hadrian’s reign, and its negative effects forced Hadrian to change his policies and abandoned the Eastern Territories for the sake of overall stability.

　　On the Formation and Characteristics of Assyrian Provinces

　　Guo Honggeng

　　Provinces were the highest local executives in Assyria, connecting the central government to regional administration. Following the model established by the Akkadian Empire, Assyrians used provinces to manage conquered lands. As an important method for maintaining military successes, the province system developed in accordance with the continual expansion of the empire. Composed of cities, towns and fortresses, and directed by the bureaucrats who were led by governors, provinces were not merely administrative units. They also levied taxes and statute labors, kept social order, organized productions, and maintained message systems while military affairs of the provinces were firmly controlled by the emperor. In a word, the provinces were efficacious for the Assyrians to manage conquered regions.

　　On the Vo Canh Inscription and History of Ancient Southeast Asia

　　Niu Junkai

　　Discovered near Nha Trang, central Vietnam, made in the 3rd century, the Vo Canh Inscription was the oldest inscription in Southeast Asia. The content was written in Sanskrit, by Indian Brahmin, which recorded the consecration of the royal family of Sri Mara to gods. The inscription indicated that when Indian culture first arrived at Southeast Asia, there was characteristic cooperation between local authorities and Indian priests Besides, Nha Trang area was mainly occupied by Cham people, but the region might have been controlled by Kingdom of Funan during the 3rd century.

　　A Review of Recent Western Researches on the Rise of British Consumer Society

　　Cao Ruichen

　　Britain entered its modern phase after the Glorious Revolution Consumption became increasingly influential in productions and daily lives, and functioned as the impetus of economic growth and social development. During the past decades, Western, especially British scholars have conducted extensive and intensive researches on the inception of British consumer society. Mainly focusing on the rise of consumer society, representations and characteristics of consumer society, the debate over consumer society, the influence of luxury on capitalism, and the rise of middle class, their works reviewed the vicissitudes in every aspect culture, economy, society, etc. of Britain during the late 17th and 18th centuries.

　　A Review of Current Researches on the Relationship between the United States and Hong Kong

　　Sun Chenxu

　　The history of Hong Kong intrigued scholars from every part of the globe, as China and Britain started a discussion about the prospect of Hong Kong. Some scholars focused on the history of the relationship between Hong Kong and the United States, especially on the latters interference with the establishment and implementation of Hong Kong related policies during the Second World War and the Cold War. The following issues were discussed intensively: Roosevelt’s attitudes toward the status of Hong Kong after the WWII; the stance and response of the Truman Administration on the surrender of Japanese army in Hong Kong; the American policies toward Hong Kong during the Cold War; and the intelligence and cultural affairs of the United States in Hong Kong. Researches basically fell into two categories, based on the difference in methodology: one focused on a certain aspect of US-HK relationship, and another explored Hong Kong related issues in Sino American or Anglo-American relationships. Following the taxonomy, this paper aims at reviewing the results of international and domestic studies, and analyzing their agreements and disagreements on significant issues.