《世界历史》2014年第3期

目 录

　　国际关系史
　　20世纪70年代驻韩联合国军司令部存废问题——以美国决策为中心的考察 /梁 志(4)
　　苏美英三国在援助华沙起义问题上的分歧、斗争及影响 /胡 舶(17)

　　欧美史
　　一战时期美国联邦政府的劳工住房计划探析 /李 莉(32)
　　为启蒙和大革命“纠偏”基佐的宗教思想与实践 /倪玉珍(41)
　　英国工业化时期的雇主结社行为与劳资冲突 /尹建龙(52)
　　被保护人与罗马早期社会的等级冲突 /胡玉娟(63)

　　东南亚史
　　泰国现代三波复兴比丘尼运动探析 /黄云静(75)
　　美国殖民统治时期菲律宾的华文教育 /姜兴山(92)

　　史学理论
　　中世纪研究的新路径和新领域 /罗伯特•斯旺森(103)
　　西方古典妇女史研究的兴起与发展 /裔昭印(116)

　　书 评
　　《国王神迹》与年鉴学派的史学研究 /张绪山(129)
　　近十多年美国史学的新进展——《当今美国史学》评介 /于留振(133)

　　会议综述
　　普京谈新历史教科书的编写问题 /吴恩远(139)
　　“国际卫生组织与医疗卫生史”国际学术研讨会综述 /张勇安 王贻胜(142)
　　“16—18世纪海洋东亚史”国际学术研讨会综述 /聂德宁(146)
　　“世界现代史学术前沿及学科建设”研讨会综述 /赵文亮 孙若彦(150)
　　“马克思主义与世界古代史研究”学术研讨会综述 /于向东 张 壬 成思佳(154)

　　书 讯
　　《失落的玛阿特——古代埃及文献(能言善辩的农民)研究》/王海利(16)
　　《拜庭帝国通史》/陈志强(74)
　　《巴比伦与亚述文明》/于殿利(115)
　　《资本主义起源新论》/侯建新(141)
　　《古代近东文明——古代两河流域、埃及、波斯等古文明探研》出版 /李海峰(149)
　　《古典民主与共和传统》/晏绍祥(156)

　　CONTENTS

　　The Retention or Abolition of United Nations Command in South Korea with U．S．Policy in the 1970s /Liang Zhi (4)
　　The Divergence and Struggle over the Warsaw Uprising Aid among the Allies /Hu Bo (17)
　　The American Federal Housing Programs for Workers during the First World War /Li Li (32)
　　Reflections on Enlightenment and the French Revolution：The Religious Thinking and Practice of Francois Guizot /Ni Yuzhen (41)
　　Employers’Associations and Labor-management Conflicts in British Industrialization /Yin Jianlong (52)
　　The Clients in the Early Roman Conflict of the Orders /Hu Yujuan（63）
　　Three Waves of Bhikkhuni Sangha in Modem Thailand / Huang Yunjing (75)
　　The Philippines’Chinese Language Education under the Colonial Rule of the US /Jiang Xingshan(92)
　　New Developments in Medieval Studies /Robert Swanson (103)
　　The Rise and Development of Western Classical Women’s History Studies /Yi Zhaoyin (116)

SUMMARIES OF ARTICALES

　　Policy in the 1970s
Liang Zhi

　　United Nations Command (UNC) was important for United States’ policy towards the Korean Peninsula in the first half period of the Cold War. With the great change in Korean Peninsula’s internal and external relationships, growing influence of the Non-Aligned countries in the United Nations, and gradual withering of the UNC, the issue of retention or abolition of UNC was placed on the agenda in the early 1970s. U. S. tended to avoid discussing the issue at the outset, but later decided to accept the dissolution of UNC, on the premise that this would not harm its most significant vested interests in the Korean Peninsula. In 1975, U. S.-South Korea resolution and China-North Korea resolution were adopted simultaneously by the UN General Assembly. As a result, the UNC maintains its presence until now, which is partly because the U. S. did not fundamentally change its policy toward the Korean Peninsula and still ought to maximize its interest unilaterally.

　　The Divergence and Struggle over the Warsaw Uprising Aid among the Allies
Hu Bo

　　The Warsaw uprising in Poland of 1944 exerted great influence on the history of World War II. Although the uprising was led by the Polish Government in exited, the fate of the uprising was determined by the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union. Their different attitudes and responses towards the uprising were based on their different interests in Central and Eastern Europe. They held different opinions towards the issue of aiding Warsaw, which damaged their relationship and led to confrontation. The Alliance were united together to aid Warsaw at the end of the uprising, but the intrinsic differences among the allies still casted a shadow on their cooperation from then on. This posed a potential danger for the allies’ future relations, and to some extent accelerated the advent of the Cold War.

　　The American Federal Housing Programs for Workers during the First World War
Li Li

　　In response to workers’ housing crisis during the First World War, the American federal government initiated two federal workers housing programs, which alleviated the workers’ housing problems to some extent. These projects demostrated federal intervention in housing market and construction of public houses for the first time, and possessed a groundbreaking policy significance. They should be regarded as the initial point of departure for American public housing policy. However, the programs were unable to solve the low-income families’ housing problems accumulated in nearly a hundred years and also failed to make the government aware of the necessity of long-term construction of public housing policy.

　　Reflections on Enlightenment and the French Revolution : The Religious Thinking and Practice of Francois Guizot
　　Ni Yuzhen

　　As a historian, thinker and statesman, Francois Guizot was well known among quite a few Chinese researchers. However, he has not received scholarly attention as a Protestant. From 1814 to 1848, Guizot devoted himself to political thinking and practice. But religion also comprised a very important part, which could be observed from his reflections on Enlightenment and the French Revolution, from the Law Guizot and from his striving for educational freedom for the Catholic liberals. After 1848, Guizot concentrated on religious thinking and practice. He assumed offices in some Protestant groups and published several religious works. Guizot’s reflections on religious affairs and his efforts to reconcile the Catholic and the Protestant church, as well as Christianity and the modernity, constituted an important part of the efforts of the sympathizers of Christianity in the 19th century, who endeavored to correct the anti-religion tendency of the French Revolution. Guizot’s successes and failures reflected the dilemma faced by France in the political-religious affairs.

　　Employers’ Associations and Labor-management Conflicts in British Industrialization
　　Yin Jianlong

　　As a complex social and political game, modern industrial relations consist of three players: employers, workers and government. Owing to the ideological and economic conflicts between employers，and workers in British industrialization, employers’ associations widely existed in industrialtrades as a counterpart of Workers’ Unions. These associations may close factories to confront the strike led by the Workers’ Union, which led to the aggravation of labor-management conflicts. With the rise of New Model Unions and reasonableness in workers’ movement, employers’ associations began to see Workers’ Union as representatives of negotiation, which created a win-win situation for both.

　　The Clients in the Early Roman Conflict of the Orders
　　Hu Yujuan

　　The early Roman clients had a very subtle relationship with the patricians and the plebs. On one hand, they were dependents of the patricians’ gentes. On the other hand, their social status was closer to that of the plebs. Such an intermediate identity made the class of the clients a crucial makeweight for the plebs and the patricians. To some extent, both the patrician and the plebs’ fates were decided by the clients. In the early two centuries of the Conflict of the Orders, the clients were always ready to help the patricians against the tribunes of the plebs. The situation changed in the second half of the fourth century B. C. Since then the clients seemed to have gained more independence. It is assumed that there existed a revolution of the clients in the Conflict of Orders. This paper aims to substantiate this assumption and give further explanations.

　　Three Waves of Bhikkhuni Sangha in Modern Thailand
　　Huang Yunjing

　　Theravada Buddhism is the main religion of the Thai people. Bhikkhuni Sangha of Theravada Buddhism, however, became extinct in 11 A. D. because of war. Since then Buddhist women could not receive full ordination or take complete precepts, for they could only be granted eight precepts. They had a very low social status: they were not given formal sangha identity by Sangha Organization, nor did they have rights of election. In order to defend their rights, some distinguished Thai Buddhist women have initiated three waves of reviving Bhikkhuni Sangha movement since 1928, demanding to rebuild Bhikkhuni Sangha, and to enjoy a status equal to that of Bhikkhu Sangha. The three waves have reflected challenges of modernization to Thervada Buddhism and its responses to the challenges.

　　The Philippines’ Chinese Language Education under the Colonial Rule of the US
　　Jiang Xingshan

　　The US had exerted great efforts to promote American education in the Philippines to enhance its colonial rule there, advocating liberal education and encouraging people to open schools both public and private. To take full advantage of this, the overseas Chinese advocated for setting up the Chinese schools to transmit China’s culture. At the same time, Chinese political forces were active in the Southeast Asia, soliciting supports from overseas Chinese society and trumpeting the importance of Chinese national cultural inheritance. Many Chinese schools were opened and Chinese language education extended. Arguably, the American rule contributed significantly to the Chinese language education in the Pillippines.

　　New Developments in Medieval Studies
　　Robert Swanson

　　The academic field of “Medieval Studies” has its specific connotations in the West. However, with the emergence of the concepts such as “Late Antiquity” and “Early Modernity”, the old concept of “the Middle Ages” has gradually suffered from deconstruction. Nowadays there is a general consensus among the medievalists that interdisciplinary studies should be adopted. More and more new trends and approaches appear on the scene. As a result, ideas about gender, heresy, nation and material culture are changing the way we look at this field. Furthermore, there is a possibility to develop the approach of a “Global Middle Ages”, although this approach will challenge existing ideas about “Medieval Studies”.

　　The Rise and Development of Western Classical Women’s History Studies
　　Yi Zhaoyin

　　This paper makes a survey of classical women’s history studies by the Western academia since the second half of the twentieth century, especially the development and characteristics of the researchers in this field. Significant progress has been made in the object, approach, scope, means and analytic category of research: from the research of famous women to all kinds of women including ordinary women; from making women visible in Western classical historiography to treating gender as the basic analytic category of women’s history studies, even transcending gender and stressing the multiple identities of women. Meanwhile, interdisciplinary researches have become a trend in the studies. This paper, moreover, probes into the significant contributions of this field to the historiography in general and the Western classical historiography in particular.